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本文主要介绍 Linux iotop 或 Input/Output top 命令#xff1a;用于显示和监控磁盘 IO 使用详情#xff0c;甚至获取进程现有 IO 使用情况。它是用 python 设计的#xff0c;需要内核模块才能执行。系统管理员可以用它来追踪可能导致磁盘 I/O 读写量过高的特定…1. 写在前面
本文主要介绍 Linux iotop 或 Input/Output top 命令用于显示和监控磁盘 IO 使用详情甚至获取进程现有 IO 使用情况。它是用 python 设计的需要内核模块才能执行。系统管理员可以用它来追踪可能导致磁盘 I/O 读写量过高的特定进程。
它需要一个 python 解释器来执行。其输出结果与 top 命令类似。通常需要 root 权限才能执行。 关注 公众号 获取最新博文 滑翔的纸飞机 2. iotop 命令
2.1 安装
CentOS/RHEL:
sudo yum install iotopubuntu:
sudo apt install iotop2.2 使用 iotop 命令
命令参数
-o只显示有io操作的进程;
-b批量显示无交互主要用作记录到文件;
-n NUM显示NUM次主要用于非交互式模式;
-d SEC间隔SEC秒显示一次;
-p PID监控的进程pid;
-u USER监控的进程用户;iotop 常用快捷键
左右箭头改变排序方式默认是按IO排序;
r改变排序顺序;
o只显示有IO输出的进程;
p进程/线程的显示方式的切换;
a显示累积使用量;
q退出;输出详解
整体 IO 输出解释
Total DISK READ
Total DISK WRITE
表示了进程和内核线程之间的总的读写带宽另一方面也表示内核块设备子系统的。Current DISK READ
Current DISK WRITE
表示在内核块设备子系统和下面硬件HDD、SSD 等等对应的实际磁盘 I/O 带宽。进程 IO 输出解释
TID 线程号或进程号
PRIO 线程运行时的I/O优先级
USER 进程所属用户
DISK READ 刷新时间间隔内读取数据量
DISK WRITE 刷新时间间隔内写入数据量
SWAPIN 每个进程的交换使用率
IO 每个进程的 I/O 利用率包含磁盘和交换
COMMAND 进程名字2.2.1 获取进程列表及其当前磁盘 IO 使用情况
rootdev:~# sudo iotop
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 3.40 K/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 13.61 K/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 296 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.05 % [jbd2/vda1-8]2836 be/4 systemd- 0.00 B/s 3.40 K/s 0.00 % 0.03 % beam.smp -W w -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048~syslog_error_logger false -kernel prevent_overlapping_partitions false [3_dirty_io_sche]1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]3 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_gp]4 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_par_gp]6 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0H-kblockd]8 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [mm_percpu_wq]9 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0]10 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_sched]11 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/
... ... keys: any: refresh q: quit i: ionice o: active p: procs a: accum sort: r: asc left: SWAPIN right: COMMAND home: TID end: COMMAND 该命令将显示进程列表及其当前磁盘使用情况并不断更新。
2.2.2 仅显示有 IO 操作的进程
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -o
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 3.84 K/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 15.36 K/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 296 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.05 % [jbd2/vda1-8]2836 be/4 systemd- 0.00 B/s 3.84 K/s 0.00 % 0.03 % beam.smp -W w -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048~syslog_error_logger false -kernel prevent_overlapping_partitions false [3_dirty_io_sche]keys: any: refresh q: quit i: ionice o: all p: procs a: accum sort: r: asc left: SWAPIN right: COMMAND home: TID end: COMMAND 这将显示当前正在执行 IO 的所有进程。
2.2.3 获取 iotop 的版本
rootdev:~# sudo iotop --version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
iotop 0.6显示当前安装的 iotop 工具版本。
2.2.4 显示帮助信息
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -h
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Usage: /usr/sbin/iotop [OPTIONS]DISK READ and DISK WRITE are the block I/O bandwidth used during the sampling
period. SWAPIN and IO are the percentages of time the thread spent respectively
while swapping in and waiting on I/O more generally. PRIO is the I/O priority
at which the thread is running (set using the ionice command).Controls: left and right arrows to change the sorting column, r to invert the
sorting order, o to toggle the --only option, p to toggle the --processes
option, a to toggle the --accumulated option, i to change I/O priority, q to
quit, any other key to force a refresh.Options:--version show programs version number and exit-h, --help show this help message and exit-o, --only only show processes or threads actually doing I/O-b, --batch non-interactive mode-n NUM, --iterNUM number of iterations before ending [infinite]-d SEC, --delaySEC delay between iterations [1 second]-p PID, --pidPID processes/threads to monitor [all]-u USER, --userUSER users to monitor [all]-P, --processes only show processes, not all threads-a, --accumulated show accumulated I/O instead of bandwidth-k, --kilobytes use kilobytes instead of a human friendly unit-t, --time add a timestamp on each line (implies --batch)-q, --quiet suppress some lines of header (implies --batch)--no-help suppress listing of shortcuts显示 iotop 工具的帮助信息。
2.2.5 以非交互模式显示输出
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]3 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_gp]4 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_par_gp]6 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0H-kbl
... ...批量显示无交互主要用作记录到文件。
例如
sudo iotop -b iotop.txt2.2.6 限制刷新时间间隔及次数
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -d 2 -n 3限制 2s 刷新1次刷新三次信息后结束。
2.2.7 指定进程 PID/ USER
显示进程 1 IO使用情况
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -p 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % initkeys: any: refresh q: quit i: ionice o: active p: procs a: accum sort: r: asc left: SWAPIN right: COMMAND home: TID end: COMMAND 显示 PID 为 1 的进程的 IO 使用情况。
显示 root 用户下进程的 IO 信息
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -u root
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 10.19 K/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 20.37 K/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 296 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 10.19 K/s 0.00 % 0.10 % [jbd2/vda1-8]1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % i
... ... 2.2.8 累计显示 IO
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 296 be/3 root 0.00 B 196.00 K 0.00 % 0.05 % [jbd2/vda1-8]2839 be/4 systemd- 0.00 B 20.00 K 0.00 % 0.01 % beam.smp -W w -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048~syslog_error_logger false -kernel prevent_overlapping_partitions false [6_dirty_io_sche]2794 be/4 root 16.00 K 16.00 K 0.00 % 0.01 % minio server /data --console-address :42115 --address :90002797 be/4 root 20.00 K 8.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % minio server /data --console-address :42115 --address :90002897 be/4 root 0.00 B 1992.00 K 0.00 % 0.00 % minio server /data --console-address :42115 --address :9000
... ...keys: any: refresh q: quit i: ionice o: active p: procs a: bandwidth 以累计方式显示信息数据从 iotop 命令启动开始做计算。
2.2.9 添加时间
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -t
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
00:17:42 Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
00:17:42 Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/sTIME TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND
00:17:42 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init
00:17:42 2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]
00:17:42 3 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_gp]
00:17:42 4 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_par_gp]
00:17:42 6 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0H-kblockd]这将在输出的每一行添加时间。
2.2.10 列标题打印限制
列标题只在第一次迭代时打印
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -q
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]
... ...不打印列标题
rootdev:~# sudo iotop -qq
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]
... ... 不会打印 I/O 摘要
rootdev:~# iotop -qqq
----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]3 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_gp]4 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_par_gp]6 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0H-kblockd]2.2.11 以 kB 单位显示读写数据信息
rootdev:~# iotop -k
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total DISK READ: 0.00 K/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 K/s
Current DISK READ: 0.00 K/s | Current DISK WRITE: 0.00 K/sTID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 1 be/4 root 0.00 K/s 0.00 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init2 be/4 root 0.00 K/s 0.00 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]3 be/0 root 0.00 K/s 0.00 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_gp]4 be/0 root 0.00 K/s 0.00 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_par_gp]感谢您花时间阅读文章!
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