万先生网站,网站 工信部备案 收回,安徽富通建设工程有限公司网站,wordpress 英文 中文十年架构心路#xff1a;从单机到云原生的分布式系统演进史 这里写目录标题十年架构心路#xff1a;从单机到云原生的分布式系统演进史一、技术生涯的起点#xff1a;单体架构的黄金时代1.1 典型技术栈1.2 记忆深刻的故障二、分布式架构转型期2.1 服务化拆分实践2.2 分布式事…十年架构心路从单机到云原生的分布式系统演进史 这里写目录标题十年架构心路从单机到云原生的分布式系统演进史一、技术生涯的起点单体架构的黄金时代1.1 典型技术栈1.2 记忆深刻的故障二、分布式架构转型期2.1 服务化拆分实践2.2 分布式事务困局三、云原生架构深度实践3.1 Kubernetes架构体系3.2 服务网格实践3.3 混沌工程防护网四、架构原则的血泪教训4.1 缓存使用八大禁忌4.2 微服务拆分边界五、未来架构演进方向5.1 服务网格 Dapr 双运行时5.2 基于WebAssembly的轻量级运行时5.3 量子计算预备架构六、给开发者的成长建议1. 技术学习四象限2. 架构师能力模型3. 推荐书单谨以此文献给所有在架构路上探索的同道者期待在评论区听到您的技术故事一、技术生涯的起点单体架构的黄金时代
#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .label text,#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node rect,#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node circle,#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-PgYlCFsnqSFZ0ohW :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}前端JSPTomcatMySQL文件服务器我的第一个千万级项目架构图
1.1 典型技术栈
前端jQuery Bootstrap 后端Spring MVC MyBatis 部署物理机 WAR包
1.2 记忆深刻的故障
2016年双11零点宕机事件
// 问题代码未做缓存的热点商品查询
public Product getProduct(long id) {return jdbcTemplate.query(SELECT * FROM products WHERE id ?, new ProductRowMapper(), id).get(0); // 直接访问数据库
}故障链分析
#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL text.actortspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actor-line{stroke:grey;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .labelText,#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .labelTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .loopText,#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .loopTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .noteText,#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .noteTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1c9ghn8zgL32H3mL :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}用户应用数据库海量商品查询请求高并发SQL查询响应延迟504 Gateway Timeout用户应用数据库解决方案
1.引入Redis缓存层 2.数据库读写分离 3.静态页面化商品详情页
二、分布式架构转型期
2.1 服务化拆分实践
拆分原则
#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .label text,#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node rect,#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node circle,#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-kU0rvx3BfNXx2bQi :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}业务领域用户中心商品服务订单服务支付服务Spring Cloud技术栈
# application.yml 片段
feign:client:config:default:connectTimeout: 5000readTimeout: 5000ribbon:ConnectTimeout: 3000ReadTimeout: 5000MaxAutoRetries: 12.2 分布式事务困局
跨服务订单创建场景
// 分布式事务伪代码错误示范
Transactional // 本地事务注解失效
public void createOrder(OrderDTO order) {// 步骤1扣减库存stockService.reduce(order.getSkuId(), order.getQuantity());// 步骤2创建订单orderMapper.insert(order);// 步骤3生成支付单paymentService.create(order.getId(), order.getAmount());
}最终一致性方案
#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .label text,#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node rect,#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node circle,#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-DqiIElRkJLnJ7r0t :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}发消息订单服务MQ库存服务支付服务事务补偿三、云原生架构深度实践
3.1 Kubernetes架构体系
生产环境拓扑
#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .label text,#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-kOsO0Kel53F7UV17 :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}NodePodIngress NginxServiceDeploymentApp ContainerSidecarEtcdPrometheus3.2 服务网格实践
Istio核心配置
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:name: product-vs
spec:hosts:- product-svchttp:- route:- destination:host: product-svcsubset: v1weight: 90- destination:host: product-svcsubset: v2weight: 103.3 混沌工程防护网
故障注入实验
// ChaosMesh 实验定义
apiVersion: chaos-mesh.org/v1alpha1
kind: NetworkChaos
metadata:name: delay-product-service
spec:action: delaymode: oneselector:namespaces:- productionlabelSelectors:app: product-servicedelay:latency: 500mscorrelation: 100jitter: 100ms四、架构原则的血泪教训
4.1 缓存使用八大禁忌
#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .label text,#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node rect,#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node circle,#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-1BmYUgpwyYLuRoEr :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}缓存雪崩随机过期时间缓存穿透布隆过滤器缓存击穿互斥锁数据不一致延迟双删4.2 微服务拆分边界
2022年过度拆分事故
pietitle 服务调用链长度分布“1-3跳” 35“4-6跳” 45“7跳以上” 20后果
订单创建平均延迟从50ms→420ms 故障排查耗时增加3倍
修复方案
合并用户基础服务与认证服务 引入领域事件代替同步调用
五、未来架构演进方向
5.1 服务网格 Dapr 双运行时
#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .label text,#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node rect,#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node circle,#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-E1ZmOP1xv0oco7HQ :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}应用Dapr Sidecar状态管理服务调用发布订阅可观测性5.2 基于WebAssembly的轻量级运行时
// 使用Rust编写WASM过滤器
#[no_mangle]
pub extern C fn proxy_on_request() - Action {let headers get_request_headers();if !headers.contains_key(X-Auth-Token) {send_http_response(403, vec![Forbidden], None);return Action::Pause;}Action::Continue
}5.3 量子计算预备架构
抗量子密码学改造
#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .label text,#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edgeLabel{background-color:#e8e8e8;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:#e8e8e8;fill:#e8e8e8;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-3uMo2S65iu7a3K46 :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}RSA-2048NIST PQC标准CRYSTALS-KyberFalcon-1024六、给开发者的成长建议
1. 技术学习四象限
quadrantCharttitle 技术投资矩阵x-axis 短期价值 → 长期价值y-axis 低门槛 → 高门槛quadrant-1 云原生 高门槛长期价值quadrant-2 新框架 低门槛短期价值quadrant-3 过时技术 低门槛低价值quadrant-4 底层原理 高门槛长期价值2. 架构师能力模型
mindmaproot(架构师核心能力)技术深度分布式原理操作系统网络协议系统设计可扩展性容错设计成本控制业务理解领域建模演进规划价值闭环3. 推荐书单
《设计数据密集型应用》Martin Kleppmann 《分布式系统模式》Unmesh Joshi 《云原生模式》Cornelia Davis 十年感悟 “架构的本质不是选择新技术而是平衡业务需求与技术约束的艺术” 从单机到云原生变的是技术形态不变的是对稳定性、效率、成本的极致追求
谨以此文献给所有在架构路上探索的同道者期待在评论区听到您的技术故事
