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Blackbox Exporter是Prometheus社区提供的官方黑盒监控解决方案#xff0c;其允许用户通过#xff1a;HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP以及ICMP的方式对网络进行探测。用户可以直接使用go get命令获取Blackbox Exporter源码并生成本地可执行文件#xff1a;
go get prometheus…介绍
Blackbox Exporter是Prometheus社区提供的官方黑盒监控解决方案其允许用户通过HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP以及ICMP的方式对网络进行探测。用户可以直接使用go get命令获取Blackbox Exporter源码并生成本地可执行文件
go get prometheus/blackbox_exportergithub 地址: https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter
部署
1 二进制方式
1.1 下载解压
curl -o blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.24.0/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gztar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv /usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.24.01.2 配置 systemd
[Unit]
DescriptionThe blackbox exporter
Afternetwork-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wantsnetwork-online.target[Service]
ExecStart/usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0/blackbox_exporter --config.file/usr/local/blackbox_exporter-0.24.0/blackbox.ymlKillSignalSIGQUITRestartalwaysRestartPreventExitStatus1 6 SIGABRTTimeoutStopSec5
KillModeprocess
PrivateTmptrue
LimitNOFILE1048576
LimitNPROC1048576[Install]
WantedBymulti-user.target
1.3 配置文件 blackbox.yml
2 容器方式
docker 镜像地址 https://hub.docker.com/r/prom/blackbox-exporter/tags
docker pull prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.23.0运行Blackbox Exporter时需要用户提供探针的配置信息这些配置信息可能是一些自定义的HTTP头信息也可能是探测时需要的一些TSL配置也可能是探针本身的验证行为。在Blackbox Exporter每一个探针配置称为一个module并且以YAML配置文件的形式提供给Blackbox Exporter。 每一个module主要包含以下配置内容包括探针类型prober、验证访问超时时间timeout、以及当前探针的具体配置项 # 探针类型http、 tcp、 dns、 icmp.prober: prober_string# 超时时间[ timeout: duration ]# 探针的详细配置最多只能配置其中的一个[ http: http_probe ][ tcp: tcp_probe ][ dns: dns_probe ][ icmp: icmp_probe ]下面是一个简化的探针配置文件blockbox.yml包含两个HTTP探针配置项
modules:http_2xx:prober: httptimeout: 10shttp:method: GETpreferred_ip_protocol: ip4http_post_2xx:prober: httphttp:method: POST通过运行以下命令并指定使用的探针配置文件启动Blockbox Exporter实例
blackbox_exporter --config.file/etc/prometheus/blackbox.yml启动成功后就可以通过访问http://127.0.0.1:9115/probe?modulehttp_2xxtargetbaidu.com对baidu.com进行探测。这里通过在URL中提供module参数指定了当前使用的探针target参数指定探测目标探针的探测结果通过Metrics的形式返回
# HELP probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds Returns the time taken for probe dns lookup in seconds
# TYPE probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds gauge
probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds 0.011633673
# HELP probe_duration_seconds Returns how long the probe took to complete in seconds
# TYPE probe_duration_seconds gauge
probe_duration_seconds 0.117332275
# HELP probe_failed_due_to_regex Indicates if probe failed due to regex
# TYPE probe_failed_due_to_regex gauge
probe_failed_due_to_regex 0
# HELP probe_http_content_length Length of http content response
# TYPE probe_http_content_length gauge
probe_http_content_length 81
# HELP probe_http_duration_seconds Duration of http request by phase, summed over all redirects
# TYPE probe_http_duration_seconds gauge
probe_http_duration_seconds{phaseconnect} 0.055551141
probe_http_duration_seconds{phaseprocessing} 0.049736019
probe_http_duration_seconds{phaseresolve} 0.011633673
probe_http_duration_seconds{phasetls} 0
probe_http_duration_seconds{phasetransfer} 3.8919e-05
# HELP probe_http_redirects The number of redirects
# TYPE probe_http_redirects gauge
probe_http_redirects 0
# HELP probe_http_ssl Indicates if SSL was used for the final redirect
# TYPE probe_http_ssl gauge
probe_http_ssl 0
# HELP probe_http_status_code Response HTTP status code
# TYPE probe_http_status_code gauge
probe_http_status_code 200
# HELP probe_http_version Returns the version of HTTP of the probe response
# TYPE probe_http_version gauge
probe_http_version 1.1
# HELP probe_ip_protocol Specifies whether probe ip protocol is IP4 or IP6
# TYPE probe_ip_protocol gauge
probe_ip_protocol 4
# HELP probe_success Displays whether or not the probe was a success
# TYPE probe_success gauge
probe_success 1从返回的样本中用户可以获取站点的DNS解析耗时、站点响应时间、HTTP响应状态码等等和站点访问质量相关的监控指标从而帮助管理员主动的发现故障和问题。
与Prometheus集成
接下来只需要在Prometheus下配置对Blockbox Exporter实例的采集任务即可。最直观的配置方式
- job_name: baidu_http2xx_probeparams:module:- http_2xxtarget: - baidu.commetrics_path: /probestatic_configs:- targets:- 127.0.0.1:9115
- job_name: prometheus_http2xx_probeparams:module:- http_2xxtarget:- prometheus.iometrics_path: /probestatic_configs:- targets:- 127.0.0.1:9115假如我们有N个目标站点且都需要M种探测方式那么Prometheus中将包含N * M个采集任务从配置管理的角度来说显然是不可接受的。
这里我们也可以采用Relabling的方式对这些配置进行简化配置方式如下
scrape_configs:- job_name: blackboxmetrics_path: /probeparams:module: [http_2xx]static_configs:- targets:- http://prometheus.io # Target to probe with http.- https://prometheus.io # Target to probe with https.- http://example.com:8080 # Target to probe with http on port 8080.relabel_configs:- source_labels: [__address__]target_label: __param_target- source_labels: [__param_target]target_label: instance- target_label: __address__replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 http://127.0.0.1:9115/probe?modulehttp_2xxtargetbaidu.com
第1步根据 static_configs.targets 实例的地址写入 __param_target 标签中。__param_name 形式的标签表示采集任务时会在请求目标地址中添加name参数的值等同于params的设置第2步获取 __param_target的值并覆写到 instance 标签中第3步覆写Target实例的__address__标签值为BlockBox Exporter实例的访问地址。
blackbox.yml
modules:http_2xx:prober: httphttp_post_2xx:prober: httphttp:method: POSTpreferred_ip_protocol: ip4tcp_connect:prober: tcppop3s_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- expect: ^OKtls: truetls_config:insecure_skip_verify: falsegrpc:prober: grpcgrpc:tls: truepreferred_ip_protocol: ip4grpc_plain:prober: grpcgrpc:tls: falseservice: service1ssh_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- expect: ^SSH-2.0-- send: SSH-2.0-blackbox-ssh-checkirc_banner:prober: tcptcp:query_response:- send: NICK prober- send: USER prober prober prober :prober- expect: PING :([^ ])send: PONG ${1}- expect: ^:[^ ] 001 icmp:prober: icmpicmp_ttl5:prober: icmptimeout: 5sicmp:ttl: 5example.yml
modules:http_2xx_example:prober: httptimeout: 5shttp:valid_http_versions: [HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2.0]valid_status_codes: [] # Defaults to 2xxmethod: GETheaders:Host: vhost.example.comAccept-Language: en-USOrigin: example.comno_follow_redirects: falsefail_if_ssl: falsefail_if_not_ssl: falsefail_if_body_matches_regexp:- Could not connect to databasefail_if_body_not_matches_regexp:- Download the latest version herefail_if_header_matches: # Verifies that no cookies are set- header: Set-Cookieallow_missing: trueregexp: .*fail_if_header_not_matches:- header: Access-Control-Allow-Originregexp: (\*|example\.com)tls_config:insecure_skip_verify: falsepreferred_ip_protocol: ip4 # defaults to ip6ip_protocol_fallback: false # no fallback to ip6http_with_proxy:prober: httphttp:proxy_url: http://127.0.0.1:3128skip_resolve_phase_with_proxy: truehttp_with_proxy_and_headers:prober: httphttp:proxy_url: http://127.0.0.1:3128proxy_connect_header:Proxy-Authorization:- Bearer tokenhttp_post_2xx:prober: httptimeout: 5shttp:method: POSTheaders:Content-Type: application/jsonbody: {}http_basic_auth_example:prober: httptimeout: 5shttp:method: POSTheaders:Host: login.example.combasic_auth:username: usernamepassword: mysecrethttp_custom_ca_example:prober: httphttp:method: GETtls_config:ca_file: /certs/my_cert.crthttp_gzip:prober: httphttp:method: GETcompression: gziphttp_gzip_with_accept_encoding:prober: httphttp:method: GETcompression: gzipheaders:Accept-Encoding: gziptls_connect:prober: tcptimeout: 5stcp:tls: truetcp_connect_example:prober: tcptimeout: 5simap_starttls:prober: tcptimeout: 5stcp:query_response:- expect: OK.*STARTTLS- send: . STARTTLS- expect: OK- starttls: true- send: . capability- expect: CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1smtp_starttls:prober: tcptimeout: 5stcp:query_response:- expect: ^220 ([^ ]) ESMTP (.)$- send: EHLO prober\r- expect: ^250-STARTTLS- send: STARTTLS\r- expect: ^220- starttls: true- send: EHLO prober\r- expect: ^250-AUTH- send: QUIT\rirc_banner_example:prober: tcptimeout: 5stcp:query_response:- send: NICK prober- send: USER prober prober prober :prober- expect: PING :([^ ])send: PONG ${1}- expect: ^:[^ ] 001icmp_example:prober: icmptimeout: 5sicmp:preferred_ip_protocol: ip4source_ip_address: 127.0.0.1dns_udp_example:prober: dnstimeout: 5sdns:query_name: www.prometheus.ioquery_type: Avalid_rcodes:- NOERRORvalidate_answer_rrs:fail_if_matches_regexp:- .*127.0.0.1fail_if_all_match_regexp:- .*127.0.0.1fail_if_not_matches_regexp:- www.prometheus.io.\t300\tIN\tA\t127.0.0.1fail_if_none_matches_regexp:- 127.0.0.1validate_authority_rrs:fail_if_matches_regexp:- .*127.0.0.1validate_additional_rrs:fail_if_matches_regexp:- .*127.0.0.1dns_soa:prober: dnsdns:query_name: prometheus.ioquery_type: SOAdns_tcp_example:prober: dnsdns:transport_protocol: tcp # defaults to udppreferred_ip_protocol: ip4 # defaults to ip6query_name: www.prometheus.ioGranfana
