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code review! 文章目录 qt-C笔记之QProcess一.示例#xff1a;QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果说明 二.示例#xff1a;QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果#xff0c;代码进一步丰富三.示例#xff1a;使用 QProcess 在 Qt 中…qt-C笔记之QProcess
code review! 文章目录 qt-C笔记之QProcess一.示例QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果说明 二.示例QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果代码进一步丰富三.示例使用 QProcess 在 Qt 中执行 Bash 脚本并处理参数四.ChatGPT讲解Including QProcessCreating a QProcess ObjectStarting a ProcessReading OutputWriting to the ProcessChecking if the Process is RunningWaiting for the Process to FinishTerminating the ProcessGetting the Exit StatusExample Usage 一.示例QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果 代码
#include QCoreApplication
#include QProcess
#include QDebugint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);// 创建QProcess实例QProcess process;QString program_middle ls;QStringList middle_arguments;middle_arguments -l;// 启动进程执行命令process.start(program_middle, middle_arguments);// 等待进程结束process.waitForFinished();// 读取并打印进程的标准输出QByteArray result process.readAllStandardOutput();qDebug() result;return 0;
}or 代码
#include QCoreApplication
#include QProcess
#include QDebugint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);// 创建QProcess实例QProcess process;// 启动进程执行命令process.start(ls, QStringList() -l);// 等待进程结束process.waitForFinished();// 读取并打印进程的标准输出QByteArray result process.readAllStandardOutput();qDebug() result;return 0;
}说明
这个简短的示例中
创建了QProcess对象。使用start方法执行了ls -l命令。使用waitForFinished方法等待命令执行完成请注意这会阻塞直到外部命令执行完成。读取了命令的标准输出并使用qDebug打印到控制台。
此代码省略了错误处理和信号/槽连接适用于简单的同步命令执行。如果你想要异步处理或更复杂的错误处理你需要采用第一个例子中的更详细的方法。
二.示例QProcess来执行系统命令ls -l命令并打印出结果代码进一步丰富
代码应该具有清晰的命名详细的注释以及适当的输出信息。下面是修改后的示例 代码
#include QCoreApplication
#include QProcess
#include QDebugint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);// 设置要执行的命令QString listCommand ls;// 设置命令的参数以列出/home目录的详细内容QStringList listArguments;listArguments -l /home;// 创建一个QProcess对象来运行外部命令QProcess directoryLister;// 在控制台输出即将执行的命令和参数qDebug() Executing command: listCommand with arguments listArguments;// 使用指定的命令和参数启动外部进程directoryLister.start(listCommand, listArguments);// 等待进程完成最多等待2000毫秒bool isFinished directoryLister.waitForFinished(2000);// 检查进程是否在规定时间内完成if (isFinished) {// 如果完成读取命令的标准输出QByteArray output directoryLister.readAllStandardOutput();// 在控制台输出命令的结果qDebug() Directory listing for /home:\n output;} else {// 如果没有完成输出超时消息qDebug() The process did not finish within the specified 2 seconds.;}// 获取并输出进程的退出码int exitCode directoryLister.exitCode();qDebug() The process exited with code: exitCode;return 0;
}在这个修改后的代码中
变量app代替了a表示这是一个应用程序的实例。变量listCommand和listArguments直观地表示了将被执行的命令及其参数。对象directoryLister表示一个能够列出目录内容的进程。注释详细描述了代码的每一个部分帮助理解每一行代码的作用。输出信息采用了更加清晰和教育性的语言适合教科书风格。
三.示例使用 QProcess 在 Qt 中执行 Bash 脚本并处理参数
1.运行
2.文件结构 3.cmd.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 这个脚本接受一个目录作为参数并列出其内容DIR$1if [ -z $DIR ]; thenecho Usage: $0 directoryexit 1
fils $DIR4.main.cpp
代码
#include QCoreApplication
#include QDebug
#include QProcessint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);// 创建 QProcess 实例QProcess process;// 脚本文件的路径QString scriptPath /home/user/qt_cpp_test/qt_test/cmd.sh;// 获取目录参数QString directory /home/user/qt_cpp_test/qt_test;// 运行脚本并传递参数process.start(scriptPath, QStringList() directory);// 等待进程结束if (!process.waitForFinished()) {qDebug() The process failed to finish.;return 1;}// 获取进程的输出QByteArray output process.readAll();// 打印输出qDebug() output;return a.exec();
}5.qt_test.pro
QT widgets core
TARGET qt_test
TEMPLATE app
SOURCES main.cpp四.ChatGPT讲解
QProcess is a class provided by the Qt framework to start external programs and communicate with them. It can be used to start, terminate, and communicate with external programs using standard input/output or through specific channels.
Here’s an overview of how you might use QProcess in a Qt application:
Including QProcess
Before using QProcess, you need to include the QProcess header:
#include QProcessCreating a QProcess Object
You can create a QProcess object like any other object in Qt:
QProcess *process new QProcess(parent);The parent is a pointer to a parent QObject, which takes ownership of the QProcess object, ensuring that it will be deleted when the parent is.
Starting a Process
You can start a process by calling the start method, providing the command and arguments to run:
process-start(executable, QStringList() arg1 arg2);Or if you just need to execute a command without arguments:
process-start(executable);Reading Output
You can read the standard output and error of the process:
QObject::connect(process, QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, []() {QByteArray standardOutput process-readAllStandardOutput();// Process standard output here
});QObject::connect(process, QProcess::readyReadStandardError, []() {QByteArray standardError process-readAllStandardError();// Process standard error here
});Writing to the Process
You can write to the standard input of the process:
process-write(input data);Checking if the Process is Running
You can check if the process is still running:
if (process-state() QProcess::Running) {// Process is running
}Waiting for the Process to Finish
You can wait synchronously for the process to finish:
process-waitForFinished(); // Waits until the process has finishedTerminating the Process
You can terminate the process:
process-terminate(); // Sends a terminate signalOr kill the process:
process-kill(); // Kills the process immediatelyGetting the Exit Status
Once the process has finished, you can get the exit status:
int exitCode process-exitCode();
QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus process-exitStatus();Example Usage
Here’s a simple example of using QProcess to run a command and print its output:
#include QCoreApplication
#include QProcess
#include QDebugint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);QProcess process;process.start(ls, QStringList() -l /);if (!process.waitForStarted()) // Default timeout is 30 secondsreturn 1;if (!process.waitForFinished()) // Default timeout is 30 secondsreturn 2;qDebug() process.readAllStandardOutput().trimmed();return a.exec();
}This example runs the ls -l / command, which lists the contents of the root directory in a detailed format, then prints the output. Remember that the waitForStarted() and waitForFinished() methods are blocking calls; in a GUI application, you would typically connect the finished() signal to a slot to handle the process completion asynchronously.
