手机怎么网站建设,wordpress主题汉化包放哪里,wordpress搜索增加条件,wordpress统计和谷歌不同文章目录 1、简介2、Qt QOpenGLWidget gl函数3、Qt QOpenGLWidget qt函数4、Qt QOpenGLWindow5、Qt glut6、Qt glfw结语 1、简介
Qt提供了与OpenGL实现集成的支持#xff0c;使开发人员有机会在更传统的用户界面的同时显示硬件加速的3D图形。
Qt有两种主要的UI开发方… 文章目录 1、简介2、Qt QOpenGLWidget gl函数3、Qt QOpenGLWidget qt函数4、Qt QOpenGLWindow5、Qt glut6、Qt glfw结语 1、简介
Qt提供了与OpenGL实现集成的支持使开发人员有机会在更传统的用户界面的同时显示硬件加速的3D图形。
Qt有两种主要的UI开发方法QtQuick和QtWidgets。它们的存在是为了支持不同类型的用户界面并建立在针对每种类型进行了优化的独立图形引擎上。
可以将在OpenGL图形API中编写的代码与Qt中的这两种用户界面类型结合起来。当应用程序有自己的OpenGL相关代码时或者当它与基于OpenGL的第三方渲染器集成时这可能很有用。
Qt OpenGL模块包含方便类使这种类型的集成更容易、更快。
QOpenGLWidget提供了三个方便的虚拟函数您可以在子类中重新实现这些函数来执行典型的OpenGL任务
paintGL-渲染OpenGL场景。每当需要更新小部件时调用。resizeGL-设置OpenGL视口、投影等。每当小部件被调整大小时以及当它第一次显示时因为所有新创建的小部件都会自动获得调整大小事件都会调用它。initializeGL-设置OpenGL资源和状态。在第一次调用resizeGL或paintGL之前调用一次。
最简单的QOpenGLWidget子类可能如下所示
class MyGLWidget : public QOpenGLWidget
{
public:MyGLWidget(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent) { }protected:void initializeGL() override{// Set up the rendering context, load shaders and other resources, etc.:QOpenGLFunctions *f QOpenGLContext::currentContext()-functions();f-glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);...}void resizeGL(int w, int h) override{// Update projection matrix and other size related settings:m_projection.setToIdentity();m_projection.perspective(45.0f, w / float(h), 0.01f, 100.0f);...}void paintGL() override{// Draw the scene:QOpenGLFunctions *f QOpenGLContext::currentContext()-functions();f-glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);...}};或者可以通过从QOpenGLFunctions派生来避免每个OpenGL调用的前缀
class MyGLWidget : public QOpenGLWidget, protected QOpenGLFunctions
{...void initializeGL() override{initializeOpenGLFunctions();glClearColor(...);...}...
};2、Qt QOpenGLWidget gl函数
untitled4.pro
QT core guigreaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT widgetsCONFIG c11
DEFINES QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGSSOURCES \main.cpp \qopenglwidgettest.cppHEADERS \qopenglwidgettest.hFORMS \qopenglwidgettest.ui# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS targetRESOURCES \res.qrcmain.cpp
#include qopenglwidgettest.h
#include QApplicationint main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);QOpenGLWidgetTest w;w.show();return a.exec();
}qopenglwidgettest.h
#ifndef QOPENGLWIDGETTEST_H
#define QOPENGLWIDGETTEST_H#include QOpenGLWidget
#include QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core
#include QOpenGLShaderProgramQT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class QOpenGLWidgetTest; }
QT_END_NAMESPACEclass QOpenGLWidgetTest : public QOpenGLWidget, protected /*QOpenGLExtraFunctions*/QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core
{Q_OBJECTpublic:QOpenGLWidgetTest(QWidget *parent nullptr);~QOpenGLWidgetTest();protected:virtual void initializeGL();virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h);virtual void paintGL();private:Ui::QOpenGLWidgetTest *ui;QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;
};
#endif // QOPENGLWIDGETTEST_H
qopenglwidgettest.cpp
#include qopenglwidgettest.h
#include ui_qopenglwidgettest.hstatic GLuint VBO, VAO, EBO;QOpenGLWidgetTest::QOpenGLWidgetTest(QWidget *parent): QOpenGLWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::QOpenGLWidgetTest)
{ui-setupUi(this);
}QOpenGLWidgetTest::~QOpenGLWidgetTest()
{delete ui;glDeleteVertexArrays(1, VAO);glDeleteBuffers(1, VBO);glDeleteBuffers(1, EBO);
}void QOpenGLWidgetTest::initializeGL(){this-initializeOpenGLFunctions();bool success shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, :/new/prefix1/triangle.vert);if (!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed! shaderProgram.log();return;}success shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, :/new/prefix1/triangle.frag);if (!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed! shaderProgram.log();return;}success shaderProgram.link();if(!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram link failed! shaderProgram.log();}//VAOVBO数据部分float vertices[] {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // top right0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom right-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom left-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f // top left};unsigned int indices[] { // note that we start from 0!0, 1, 3, // first Triangle1, 2, 3 // second Triangle};glGenVertexArrays(1, VAO);glGenBuffers(1, VBO);glGenBuffers(1, EBO);// bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).glBindVertexArray(VAO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //顶点数据复制到缓冲glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (void*)0);//告诉程序如何解析顶点数据glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);//取消VBO的绑定, glVertexAttribPointer已经把顶点属性关联到顶点缓冲对象了// remember: do NOT unbind the EBO while a VAO is active as the bound element buffer object IS stored in the VAO; keep the EBO bound.
// glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);// You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls wont accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
// VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally dont unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when its not directly necessary.glBindVertexArray(0); //取消VAO绑定
}void QOpenGLWidgetTest::resizeGL(int w, int h){glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}void QOpenGLWidgetTest::paintGL(){glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);shaderProgram.bind();glBindVertexArray(VAO);
// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);shaderProgram.release();
}triangle.vert
#version 330 core
layout(location 0) in vec3 aPos;void main(){gl_Position vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0f);
}triangle.frag
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;void main(){FragColor vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
}运行如下
3、Qt QOpenGLWidget qt函数
qtfunctionwidget.h
#ifndef QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_H
#define QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_H#include QOpenGLWidget
#include QOpenGLShader
#include QOpenGLShaderProgram
#include QDebug
#include QOpenGLFunctions
#include QOpenGLVertexArrayObject
#include QOpenGLBufferclass QtFunctionWidget : public QOpenGLWidget, protected QOpenGLFunctions
{
public:QtFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent nullptr);~QtFunctionWidget() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;protected:virtual void initializeGL() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;virtual void paintGL() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;private:QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;QOpenGLBuffer vbo, ebo;QOpenGLVertexArrayObject vao;
};#endif // QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_Hqtfunctionwidget.cpp
#include QtFunctionWidget.h
#include QFileQtFunctionWidget::QtFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget (parent),vbo(QOpenGLBuffer::VertexBuffer),ebo(QOpenGLBuffer::IndexBuffer)
{}QtFunctionWidget::~QtFunctionWidget(){makeCurrent();vbo.destroy();ebo.destroy();vao.destroy();doneCurrent();
}void QtFunctionWidget::initializeGL(){this-initializeOpenGLFunctions();bool success shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, :/new/prefix1/triangle.vert);if (!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed! shaderProgram.log();return;}success shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, :/new/prefix1/triangle.frag);if (!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed! shaderProgram.log();return;}success shaderProgram.link();if(!success) {qDebug() shaderProgram link failed! shaderProgram.log();}//VAOVBO数据部分GLfloat vertices[] {0.7f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // top right0.5f, -0.6f, 0.0f, // bottom right-0.6f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom left-0.5f, 0.7f, 0.0f // top left};unsigned int indices[] { // note that we start from 0!0, 1, 3, // first Triangle1, 2, 3 // second Triangle};QOpenGLVertexArrayObject::Binder vaoBind(vao);vbo.create();vbo.bind();vbo.allocate(vertices, sizeof(vertices));ebo.create();ebo.bind();ebo.allocate(indices, sizeof(indices));int attr -1;attr shaderProgram.attributeLocation(aPos);shaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(attr, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, sizeof(GLfloat) * 3);shaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(attr);vbo.release();
// remember: do NOT unbind the EBO while a VAO is active as the bound element buffer object IS stored in the VAO; keep the EBO bound.
// ebo.release();
}void QtFunctionWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h){glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}void QtFunctionWidget::paintGL(){glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);shaderProgram.bind();{QOpenGLVertexArrayObject::Binder vaoBind(vao);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);}shaderProgram.release();
} 4、Qt QOpenGLWindow
untitled4.pro
QT core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT widgetsTARGET OpenGL
TEMPLATE app
CONFIG c11SOURCES \main.cpp \mywindow.cppHEADERS \mywindow.hLIBS -lopengl32\-lglu32
main.cpp
#include QApplication
#include MyWindow.hint main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication a(argc, argv);MyWindow w;w.setWidth(640);w.setHeight(480);w.setTitle(QString::fromLocal8Bit(爱看书的小沐));w.show();return a.exec();
}mywindow.h
#ifndef WINDOW_H
#define WINDOW_H#include QOpenGLWindow
#include QOpenGLFunctions
#include QTimerclass MyWindow : public QOpenGLWindow, protected QOpenGLFunctions
{Q_OBJECT
public:MyWindow();~MyWindow();protected:void initializeGL(); //初始化设置void resizeGL(int w, int h); //窗口尺寸变化响应函数void paintGL(); //重绘响应函数
private:GLfloat angle; //定义旋转角度QTimer *timer; //定义新的定时器
};#endif // WINDOW_Hmywindow.cpp
#include mywindow.hMyWindow::MyWindow()
{timer new QTimer();angle 0.0;connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()));timer-start(100);
}MyWindow::~MyWindow()
{}void MyWindow::initializeGL()
{initializeOpenGLFunctions();glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glClearDepth(1.0);
}void MyWindow::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{Q_UNUSED(w);Q_UNUSED(h);
}void MyWindow::paintGL()
{glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glLoadIdentity();glRotated(angle,0.0,1.0,0.0);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);glVertex3f(0.0,0.8,0.0);glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);glVertex3f(0.5,0.0,0.0);glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);glVertex3f(-0.5,0.0,0.0);glEnd();angle10.0;
}程序运行如下
5、Qt glut
https://freeglut.sourceforge.net/ freeglut是OpenGL实用工具工具包GLUT库的免费软件/开源替代品。GLUT最初由Mark Kilgard编写用于支持OpenGL“红皮书”第二版中的示例程序。从那时起GLUT就被广泛应用于各种实际应用中因为它简单、可用性广、便携性强。 GLUT以及freeglut负责创建窗口、初始化OpenGL上下文和处理输入事件所需的所有特定于系统的家务以实现真正可移植的OpenGL程序。 freeglut是在X-Consortium许可下发布的。 untitled4.pro
LIBS -L$$PWD\lib -lfreeglut
CONFIG c11
DEFINES QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
INCLUDEPATH includeSOURCES \main.cppmain.cpp
#include GL/glut.hvoid display(void)
{// clear all pixelsglClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glColor3f(0.5, 0.1, 1.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex3f(0.20, 0.20, 0.0);glVertex3f(0.80, 0.20, 0.0);glVertex3f(0.80, 0.80, 0.0);glVertex3f(0.20, 0.80, 0.0);glEnd();glFlush();
}void init(void)
{// select clearing color: blueglClearColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);// initialize viewing valuesglMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();glOrtho(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{glutInit(argc, argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize(640, 240);glutInitWindowPosition(480, 320);glutCreateWindow(爱看书的小沐);init();glutDisplayFunc(display);glutMainLoop();return 0;
}程序运行后
6、Qt glfw
https://www.glfw.org/ GLFW是一个开源、多平台的库用于OpenGL、OpenGL ES和Vulkan在桌面上的开发。它提供了一个简单的API用于创建窗口、上下文和表面接收输入和事件。 GLFW是用C语言编写的支持Windows、macOS、Wayland和X11。 GLFW是根据zlib/libpng许可证获得许可的。 untitled4.pro
LIBS -L$$PWD\lib -lglfw3 -lopengl32 -lGlU32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lgdi32CONFIG c11
DEFINES QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
INCLUDEPATH includeSOURCES \main.cppmain.cpp
#include iostream
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
using namespace std;int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{GLFWwindow* window;/* Initialize the library */if (!glfwInit())return -1;/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */window glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, Hello World, NULL, NULL);if (!window){glfwTerminate();return -1;}/* Make the windows context current */glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);/* Loop until the user closes the window */while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){/* Render here */glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);/* Swap front and back buffers */glfwSwapBuffers(window);/* Poll for and process events */glfwPollEvents();}glfwTerminate();return 0;
}程序运行如下
结语
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