央视优购物官方网站,有没有可以免费看的,江苏网站设计,一台服务器如何做两个网站动态路由协议包括距离矢量路由协议和链路状态路由协议。RIP#xff08;Routing InformationProtocols#xff0c;路由信息协议#xff09;是使用最广泛的距离矢量路由协议。RIP 是为小型网络环境设计的#xff0c;因为这类协议的路由学习及路由更新将产生较大的流量#x… 动态路由协议包括距离矢量路由协议和链路状态路由协议。RIPRouting InformationProtocols路由信息协议是使用最广泛的距离矢量路由协议。RIP 是为小型网络环境设计的因为这类协议的路由学习及路由更新将产生较大的流量占用过多的带宽。?xml:namespace prefix o ns urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office / RIP 协议分为版本1 和版本2。不论是版本1或版本2都具备下面的特征 1. 是距离向量路由协议 2. 使用跳数Hop Count作为度量值 3默认路由更新周期为30 秒 4. 管理距离AD为120 5. 支持触发更新 6. 最大跳数为15 跳 7. 支持等价路径,默认4 条,最大6 条 8. 使用UDP520 端口进行路由更新。 通过下面的实验来学习RIPv1和RIPv2的配置 在路由器上启动RIPv1进程 1 步骤1配置路由器R1 R1(config)#router rip //启动RIP进程 R1(config-router)#version 1 //配置RIP版本1 R1(config-router)#network ?xml:namespace prefix st1 ns urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags /1.0.0.0 //宣告直连网段 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 2步骤2配置路由器R2 R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#version 1 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 3步骤3配置路由器R3 R3(config)#router rip R3(config-router)#version 1 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 4步骤4配置路由器R4 R4(config)#router rip R4(config-router)#version 1 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 调试1使用show ip route 命令查看路由表 R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 R 4.0.0.0/8 [120/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0 R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0 以上输出表明路由器R1 学到了3 条RIP 路由其中路由条目“R 4.0.0.0/8 [120/3]via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0”的含义如下 ① R路由条目是通过RIP 路由协议学习来的 ② 4.0.0.0/8目的网络 ③ 120RIP 路由协议的默认管理距离 ④ 3: 度量值从路由器R1 到达网络4.0.0.0/8 的度量值为3 跳 ⑤ 192.168.1.2下一跳地址 ⑥ 00:00:14距离下一次更新还有1630-14秒 ⑦ Ethernet0/0接收该路由条目的本路由器的接口。 同时通过该路由条目的掩码长度可以看到RIPv1 确实不传递子网信 2show ip protocol该命令查看IP 路由协议配置和统计信息。 R1#show ip protocol Routing Protocol is rip Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive version 1 Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain Ethernet0/0 1 1 Loopback0 1 1 Automatic network summarization is in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 1.0.0.0 192.168.1.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 192.168.1.2 120 00:00:08 Distance: (default is 120) 其中Routing Protocol is rip //路由器上运行的路由协议是RIP Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set //在出方向上没有设置过滤列表 Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set //在入方向上没有设置过滤列表 Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds //更新周期是30 秒距离下次更新还有22 秒 Redistributing: rip //只运行RIP 协议没有其它的协议重分布进来 Default version control: send version 1, receive version 1 //默认发送版本1 的路由更新接收本版1 的路由更新 Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain Ethernet0/0 1 1 Loopback0 1 1 Automatic network summarization is in effect //RIP 路由协议默认开启自动汇总功能 Maximum path: 4 //RIP 路由协议可以支持4 条等价路径最大为6 【提示】 可以通过下面的命令来修改RIP 路由协议支持等价路径的条数 R1(config-router)#maximum-paths number-paths 3debug ip rip查看RIP 路由协议的动态更新过程。 R1#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on R1# *Mar 1 00:46:53.487: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0 *Mar 1 00:46:53.487: 4.0.0.0 in 3 hops *Mar 1 00:46:53.491: 192.168.2.0 in 1 hops *Mar 1 00:46:53.491: 192.168.3.0 in 2 hops *Mar 1 00:46:58.747: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (1.1.1.1) *Mar 1 00:46:58.747: RIP: build update entries *Mar 1 00:46:58.747: network 4.0.0.0 metric 4 *Mar 1 00:46:58.751: network 192.168.1.0 metric 1 *Mar 1 00:46:58.751: network 192.168.2.0 metric 2 *Mar 1 00:46:58.751: network 192.168.3.0 metric 3 *Mar 1 00:46:59.347: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0/0(192.168.1.1) *Mar 1 00:46:59.347: RIP: build update entries *Mar 1 00:46:59.347: network 1.0.0.0 metric 1 通过以上输出可以看到RIPv1 采用广播更新255.255.255.255 在路由器上启动RIPv2进程 1步骤1配置路由器R1 R1(config)#router rip //启动RIP进程 R1(config-router)#version 2 //配置RIP版本2 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //关闭自动汇总 R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 2步骤2配置路由器R2 R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#version 2 R2(config-router)#no auto-summary R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 3步骤3配置路由器R3 R3(config)#router rip R3(config-router)#version 2 R3(config-router)#no auto-summary R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 4步骤4配置路由器R4 R4(config)#router rip R4(config-router)#version 2 R4(config-router)#no auto-summary R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 调试1使用show ip route 命令查看路由表 R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks R 4.4.4.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0 R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/0 R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/0 从上面输出的路由条目“4.4.4.0/24”可以看到RIPv2 路由更新是携带子网信息 2show ip protocol该命令查看IP 路由协议配置和统计信息。 R1#show ip protocol Routing Protocol is rip Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 2 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2 Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain Ethernet0/0 2 2 Loopback0 2 2 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 1.0.0.0 192.168.1.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 192.168.1.2 120 00:00:23 Distance: (default is 120) // RIPv2 默认情况下只接收和发送版本2 的路由更新 【提示】 可以通过命令“ip rip send version”和“ip rip receive version”来控制在路由器接口上接收和发送的版本例如在Ethernet0/0 接口上接收版本1 和2 的路由更新但是只发送版本2 的路由更新配置如下 R1(config-if)#ip rip send version 2 R1(config-if)#ip rip receive version 1 2 3通过debug ip rip 命令查看RIP 路由协议的动态更新过程。 R1#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on *Mar 1 01:37:27.119: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0 *Mar 1 01:37:27.119: 4.4.4.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 3 hops *Mar 1 01:37:27.123: 192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops *Mar 1 01:37:27.123: 192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hops *Mar 1 01:37:29.627: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet0/0 (192.1 68.1.1) *Mar 1 01:37:29.627: RIP: build update entries *Mar 1 01:37:29.627: 1.1.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 通过以上输出可以看到RIPv2 采用组播更新224.0.0.9 转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/shani/369631
