制作公司网站 优帮云,店面设计案例分析,怎么成立个人网站,网络营销方法进行推广一 MySql 1.1 如何选择MySql的版本 1.2 MySql单实例安装 #xff08;1#xff09; 建立mysql用户 首先以root身份登陆到linux系统#xff0c;然后执行如下命令创建mysql用户及用户组 [roottest3 ~]# groupadd mysql [roottest3 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g …一 MySql 1.1 如何选择MySql的版本 1.2 MySql单实例安装 1 建立mysql用户 首先以root身份登陆到linux系统然后执行如下命令创建mysql用户及用户组 [roottest3 ~]# groupadd mysql [roottest3 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql [roottest3 ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd mysql:x:1210:1210::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin [roottest3 ~]# mkdir tools #建立专门放置安装包的目录养成规范的习惯 [roottest3 ~]# cd tools/ [roottest3 tools]# wget http://mysql.ntu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.62.tar.gz 2 解压安装 [roottest3 mysql-5.1.62]#./configure \ --prefix/usr/local/mysql \ --with-unix-socket-path/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \ #指定MySQL socket文件存放目录 --localstatedir/usr/local/mysql/data \ #设定mysql数据文件存放路径 --enable-assembler \ #允许使用汇编模式优化性能 --with-mysqld-ldflags-all-static \ #服务器使用静态库优化性能 --with-client-ldflags-all-static \ #客户端使用静态库优化性能 --enable-thread-safe-client \ #以线程方式编译客户端 --with-mysqld-usermysql \ #指定mysql系统运行的用户 --with-big-tables \ --without-debug \ #使用非debug模式 --with-pthread \ #强制使用pthread线程序库编译 --with-extra-charsetscomplex \ --with-readline \ --with-ssl \ --with-embedded-server \ --enable-local-infile \ --with-pluginspartition,innobase \ --with-plugin-PLUGIN ./configure --prefix/usr/local/mysql --with-unix-socket-path/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --localstatedir/usr/local/mysql/data --enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags-all-static --with-client-ldflags-all-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-mysqld-usermysql --with-big-tables --without-debug --with-pthread --with-extra-charsetscomplex --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-pluginspartition,innobase --with-plugin-PLUGIN #在执行./configure的时候遇到 configure: error: No curses/termcap library found 原因缺少ncurses安装包 解决yum install -y ncurses-devel然后再执行./configure 3 创建配置文件 [roottest3 mysql-5.1.62]# cd support-files/ [roottest3 support-files]# ll *.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4714 09-03 16:31 my-huge.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19763 09-03 16:31 my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4688 09-03 16:31 my-large.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4699 09-03 16:31 my-medium.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2467 09-03 16:31 my-small.cnf [roottest3 support-files]# /bin/cp my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf #用模板文件直接复制为配置文件 4 创建数据文件 [roottest3 ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data #创建数据文件目录 [roottest3 ~]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/ #授权mysql用户访问mysql安装目录 [roottest3 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --usermysql #安装mysql数据文件 5 启动数据库 方法一 [roottest3 ~]# cp tools/mysql-5.1.62/support-files/mysql.server /usr/local/mysql/bin/ [roottest3 ~]# chmod 700 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.server #使脚本可执行 [roottest3 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. [确定] [roottest3 ~]# netstat -tupnl |grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23990/mysqld 方法二按照安装mysql时候的提示 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --usermysql 6 配置mysql命令全局使用路径 方法一 [roottest3 ~]# echo export PATH$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin /etc/profile [roottest3 ~]# source /etc/profile 方法二 把mysql的启动命令拷贝到/usr/local/sbin/ 7 配置/etc/init.d/mysqld start方式启动数据库 [roottest3 ~]# cp tools/mysql-5.1.62/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [roottest3 ~]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld [roottest3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL. [确定] 8 设置mysql开机启动 方法一 [roottest3 ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld [roottest3 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep mysqld mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 方法二 把启动命令放到/etc/rc.local里面 9 为root设置密码 [roottest3 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456 [roottest3 ~]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user rootlocalhost (using password: NO) 10 清理多余用户 [roottest3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.1.62 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement. mysql select user,host from mysql.user; ------------------------- | user | host | ------------------------- | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | | | test3.localdomain | | root | test3.localdomain | ------------------------- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql drop user localhost; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql drop user test3.localdomain; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql drop user roottest3.localdomain; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql select user,host from mysql.user; ----------------- | user | host | ----------------- | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | ----------------- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 遇到的问题 连接数据库的时候提示mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 首先查看libmysqlclient.so.16文件是否存在不存在要去下载一个 解决方案一vi /etc/ld.so.conf 增加一行/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql 解决方案二ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16 /usr/lib/ 但是还是有问题应该是因为我之前卸载了系统自带的mysql而/usr/bin下的mysql这个脚本还是旧的原因所以需要/bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/ 二 Php安装配置结合的是apache 2.1 查看以下软件包是否安装 [roottest3 ~]# rpm -qa zlib libxml libjpeg freetype libpng gd curl libiconv zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel curl-devel zlib-1.2.3-7.el5 freetype-2.2.1-31.el5_8.1 libpng-1.2.10-17.el5_8 libpng-1.2.10-17.el5_8 zlib-1.2.3-7.el5 libjpeg-6b-37 gd-2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2 curl-7.15.5-15.el5 zlib-devel-1.2.3-7.el5 libjpeg-6b-37 freetype-2.2.1-31.el5_8.1 如果没有安装可以使用yum的方式安装 [roottest3 ~]# yum install zlib libxml libjpeg freetype libpng gd curl libiconv zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel curl-devel 2.2 libiconv的安装(可选择的还有libmcrypt与加密相关库,Mhash库,mcrypt库) 1. libiconv wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.14 ./configure --prefix/usr/local/libiconv make make install cd ../ 2. libmcrypt wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime1171868460big_mirror0 tar zxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 ./configure make make install sleep 2 /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ 3. Mhash wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime1175740843big_mirror0 tar zxf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install sleep 2 cd ../ rm -f /usr/lib/libmcrypt.* rm -f /usr/lib/libmhash* ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config 4.mcrypt wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime1194463373big_mirror0 tar zxf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ sleep 2 2.3 php的安装 [roottest3 php-5.3.10]#./configure \ --prefix/application/php5.3.10 \ --with-apxs2/application/apache/bin/apxs \ #这个需要指定bin/apxs的路径通过apxs来来增加php模块到apache中 --with-mysql/usr/local/mysql \ #指定mysql的路径 --with-xmlrpc \ --with-openssl \ --with-zlib \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-iconv/usr/local/libiconv \ --enable-short-tags \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-zend-multibyte \ --enable-soap \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-static \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-curl \ --with-xsl \ --enable-ftp \ --with-libxml-dir #下面的参数适合Nagios的PHP环境 --enable-sigchild --enable-pcntl --enable-bcmath [roottest3 php-5.3.10]#make make install [roottest3 php-5.3.10]# ls php.ini* php.ini-development (开发版) php.ini-production (产品版) [roottest3 php-5.3.10]# diff php.ini-development php.ini-production 521c521 error_reporting E_ALL | E_STRICT --- error_reporting E_ALL ~E_DEPRECATED 538c538 display_errors On --- display_errors Off 549c549 display_startup_errors On --- display_startup_errors Off 593c593 track_errors On --- track_errors Off 611c611 html_errors On --- html_errors Off 1318c1318 mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics On --- mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics Off 1587c1587 session.bug_compat_42 On --- session.bug_compat_42 Off 1596c1596 session.bug_compat_warn On --- session.bug_compat_warn Off #开发版与产品版相比多开了一些方便调试的开关 #注意PHP5.2与PHP5.3安装之间的差别。php5.2开启fastcgi的参数是--enable-fastcgi而php5.3开启的参数则是--enable-fpm 2.4 Php的配置 [roottest3 php-5.3.10]#/bin/cp php.ini-production /application/php5.3.10/lib/php.ini [roottest3 conf]# cp httpd.conf httpd.conf.qinbf.20131111-2 [roottest3 conf]# vi httpd.conf #在大约311行增加 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .php3 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps #在大约166行修改 IfModule dir_module DirectoryIndex index.php index.html #增加了默认的首页文件index.php /IfModule 2.5 php测试 测试php和apache 如果不关闭虚拟主机的配置文件那么htdocs里面的首页文件不会生效默认会显示在第一个虚拟主机的站点。所以要测试的话要么关闭虚拟主机配置文件要么把默认站点的首页文件移动到第一个虚拟主机的配置目录中。 测试php和mysql的连接 在浏览器输入ip/test_mysql.php即可看到 [roottest3 www]# vi test_mysql.php ?php //$link_idmysql_connect(,?,); $link_idmysql_connect(localhost,root,qbf19880328) or mysql_error(); //$link_idmysql_connect(localhost,test,); if($link_id){ echo mysql successful by qinbf !; }else{ echo mysql_error(); } //php? /* php? */ ? 三 建立属于自己的博客网站 3.1 下载解压 [roottest3 blog]# wget http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.7.1-zh_CN.zip [roottest3 blog]# unzip wordpress-3.7.1-zh_CN.zip 在浏览器中其实已经可以打开index.php文件但是还是缺少wp-config.php文件 3.2 创建数据库 [roottest3 blog]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 5.1.62 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement. mysql create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.19 sec) #建立一个GBK数据库默认是拉丁文字符集 mysql show databases; -------------------- | Database | -------------------- | information_schema | | mysql | | test | | wordpress | -------------------- 4 rows in set (0.14 sec) mysql grant select,insert,delete,update,create on wordpress.* to wordpresslocalhost identified by 123456; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec) #安装blog后记得要撤销create保留selectinsertupdatedelete的授权 revoke create on wordpress.* from wordpress’localhot’; mysql flush privileges; #刷新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql select user,host from mysql.user; ---------------------- | user | host | ---------------------- | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | | wordpress | localhost | ---------------------- 3rows in set (0.04 sec) mysql show grants for wordpresslocalhost; #查看授权 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Grants for wordpresslocalhost | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO wordpresslocalhost IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD *B492CDBF83DDE8AF7B2D2249ABFE0301E091503A | | GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE ON wordpress.* TO wordpresslocalhost | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 rows in set (0.03 sec) 3.3 创建配置文件 当界面无法下一步创建的时候选择使用直接创建wp-config.php文件 [roottest3 blog]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php 修改配置文件如下 /** WordPress数据库的名称 */ define(DB_NAME, wordpress); /** MySQL数据库用户名 */ define(DB_USER, wordpress); /** MySQL数据库密码 */ define(DB_PASSWORD, 123456); /** MySQL主机 */ define(DB_HOST, localhost); /** 创建数据表时默认的文字编码 */ define(DB_CHARSET, gbk); /** 数据库整理类型。如不确定请勿更改 */ define(DB_COLLATE, ); 3.4 博客站点目录的特殊设置 [roottest3 html]# chown root.root blog -R [roottest3 html]# chmod 755 blog -R #为了防止apache出现了漏洞仅给所有程序root属主和组 [roottest3 blog]# mkdir -p wp-content/uploads [roottest3 blog]# chown daemon.daemon wp-content/uploads/ -R #授权文件上传目录如果是集群要放在公共存储 #经过测试wordpress前端禁止*.php,*.sh,*.bat等文件上传 四 php扩展缓存加速等查件安装配置 4.1 查看lamp版本 1. 查看linux系统版本 [roottest3 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.8 (Final) 2.查看apache版本 [roottest3 ~]# /application/apache/bin/apachectl -v Server version: Apache/2.2.25 (Unix) Server built: Sep 3 2013 18:25:54 3. 查看php版本 [roottest3 ~]# /application/php/bin/php -v PHP 5.3.10 (cli) (built: Nov 12 2013 00:24:52) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies 4. 查看mysql版本 [roottest3 tmp]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 -S /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock version mysqladmin Ver 8.41 Distrib 5.0.95, for redhat-linux-gnu on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Server version 5.1.62 Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 8 min 23 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 1 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 16 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 4 Queries per second avg: 0.1 4.2 解决Perl编译问题 [roottest3 ~]# echo LC_ALLC /etc/profile [roottest3 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile LC_ALLC [roottest3 ~]# source /etc/profile [roottest3 ~]# echo $LC_ALL C 4.3 eACCelerator的安装 eACCelerator是一个自由的开放源代码的php加速、优化和动态内容缓存的扩展模块它可以提升php程序的缓存性能降低php程序在解析时对服务器的性能开销。eACCelerator还有对PHP优化作用加快其执行效率使PHP程序代码效率提高1-10倍。 phpize是什么 phpize是用来扩展php扩展模块的通过phpize可以建立php的外挂模块。比如想在原来编译好的php中加入memcache等扩展模块可以使用phpize。使用方式如下 [roottest3 tools]# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/eaccelerator/files/latest/download [roottest3 tools]# unzip eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.zip [roottest3 tools]# cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1 [roottest3 eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# /application/php/bin/phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the $PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable. Then, rerun this script #出现这个错误是因为没有安装m4和autoconf包可以尝试使用yum install或者源码安装这两个包然后重新执行/application/php/bin/phpize [roottest3 eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# yum install m4 autoconf [roottest3 eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# /application/php/bin/phpize Configuring for: PHP Api Version: 20090626 Zend Module Api No: 20090626 Zend Extension Api No: 220090626 [roottest3 eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# ./configure --enable-eacceleratorshared --with-php-config/application/php/bin/php-config [roottest3 eaccelerator-0.9.6.1]# make make install 实践测试 提示 1 php5.3.10可用eaccelerator-0.9.6版本如果使用eaccelerator-0.9.5.2版本会在make阶段报如下错误make: ***[optimize.lo] Error 1 2 php5.2.6可用eaccelerator-0.9.5.2版本 4.4 安装memcache缓存扩展模块 软件说明 Memcache是一个高性能的分布式的内存对象缓存系统通过在内存里维护一个统一的巨大的hash表它能够用来存储各种格式的数据包括图像、视频、文件以及数据库检索的结果等。简单的说就是将数据调用到内存中然后从内存中读取从而大大提高读取速度。 Memcache分为服务端软件名字如memcached-1.4.3.tar.gz和客户端插件名字如memcache-2.2.5.tar.gz两部分。本文是客户端插件在php服务中的安装。 [roottest3 tools]# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz [roottest3 tools]# tar zxf memcache-2.2.5.tgz [roottest3 tools]# cd memcache-2.2.5 [roottest3 memcache-2.2.5]# /application/php/bin/phpize [roottest3 memcache-2.2.5]# ./configure --with-php-config/application/php/bin/php-config [roottest3 memcache-2.2.5]# make make install [roottest3 memcache-2.2.5]# ll /application/php5.3.10/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/ 总计 628 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 406459 11-14 03:22 eaccelerator.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222246 11-14 03:44 memcache.so 提示如果安装memcache-2.2.4可能报错make:***[memcache.lo] Error 1 解决:cp memcache.loT memcache.lo 4.5 安装PDO_MYSQL扩展模块 PDO扩展为PHP访问数据库定义了一个轻量级的、一致性的接口它提供了一个数据访问抽象层这样无论是用什么数据库都可以通过一致的函数执行查询和获取数据。 [roottest3 tools]# wget http://lcmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz [roottest3 tools]# tar zxf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz [roottest3 tools]# cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2 [roottest3 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# /application/php/bin/phpize [roottest3 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]# ./configure --with-php-config/application/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql/usr/local/mysql [roottest3 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2]#make make install 4.6 安装图像处理程序及imageMagick软件 4.6.1 安装imageMagick软件 [roottest3 tools]# wget http://www.imagemagick.org/download/ImageMagick-6.8.7-5.tar.gz [roottest3 tools]# tar zxf ImageMagick-6.8.7-5.tar.gz [roottest3 tools]#cd ImageMagick-6.8.7-5.tar.gz [roottest3 tools]#./configure [roottest3 tools]#make make install 因为此步不是php的扩展所以没有.so文件 4.6.2 安装image php扩展插件 image插件需要imageMagick的支持不先安装imageMagick会报错。是一个供php调用imageMagick功能的扩展进行图片的创建与修改压缩等操作都集成在imagick这个扩展中。 [roottest3 tools]# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.0.1.tgz [roottest3 tools]# tar zxf imagick-3.0.1.tgz [roottest3 tools]# cd imagick-3.0.1 [roottest3 imagick-3.0.1]# ./configure --with-php-config/application/php/bin/php-config [roottest3 imagick-3.0.1]# make make install #make的过程中遇到checking for MagickWand.h header file... configure: error: Cannot locate header file MagickWand.h的报错解决如下imagick-2.3.0.tgz没有遇到这个问题 今天在新服上安装php imagick, 环境如下: php 5.3.20 ImageMagick-6.8.3-8 imagick-3.1.0RC2 可是出错了一个问题.就是死说找不到MagickWand.h: checking for MagickWand.h header file... configure: error: Cannot locate header file MagickWand.h 可是我明明正确安装了ImageMagick的呀.GOOGLE了半天,也解决不了这个问题.后面对照另一个服务器上的ImageMagick才发现,原来ImageMagick 6.8这个版后的目录结构变了,旧版本头文件是放在/usr/local/include/ImageMagick目录的,而ImageMagick 6.8则是放在/usr/local/include/ImageMagick-6 添加软连接 命令如下: ln -s /usr/local/include/ImageMagick-6 /usr/local/include/ImageMagick 后来发现imagick-3.1.0RC2编译不通过,于是降低版本,使用imagick-3.01 make make install 搞掂! 更新: 最终解决方法:以下是对于imagick操作的 yum install pkgconfig export PKG_CONFIG_PATH/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/ rm -rf Makefile config.status config.h ./configure make make install 4.7 安装Zend缓存及加速扩展模块 Zend Optimizer使用优化代码的方法来提高PHP应用程序的执行速度要比不使用的要快40%到100%。对于PHP 5.2或更早的版本有效对5.3版本无效 4.8 安装xcache缓存加速扩展模块 Xcache是一个又快又稳定的PHP opcode缓存器能够快速跟进PHP版本。 Xcache的2个特点 将PHP代码进行编译这样可以不用重复读取PHP文件加速整个程序的运行效率 可以缓存数据到内存中直接可以方便调用例如你的一些不会经常改动的数据只用一次从数据库读取出来后保存到Xcache中就不用再去使用数据库了。 wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/3.0.0/xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz tar zxf xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz cd xcache-3.0.0 /application/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config/application/php/bin/php-config make make install ll /application/php5.3.10/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/ 4.9 配置相关php扩展插件模块 4.9.1 修改php的配置文件 (1) 修改/application/php/lib/php.ini 查找;extension_dir”./”,修改为/application/php5.3.10/lib/php/extension/no-debug-zts-20090626 [roottest3 ~]# cd /application/php/lib/ [roottest3 lib]# ls php php.ini [roottest3 lib]# cp php.ini php.ini.20131115 [roottest3 lib]# sed -i s#; extension_dir ./#extension_dir /application/php5.3.10/lib/php/extension/no-debug-zts-20090626/#g php.ini [roottest3 lib]# grep extension_dir php.ini extension_dir /application/php5.3.10/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/ ; extension_dir ext ;sqlite3.extension_dir (2) 在php.ini的最后几行添加 cat /application/php/lib/php.ini EOF ;--cache ext start by qinbf 2013-11-15-- extension memcache.so extension pdo_mysql.so extension imagick.so ;--cache ext end by qinbf 2013-11-15-- EOF [roottest3 lib]# tail -5 php.ini ;--cache ext start by qinbf 2013-11-15-- extension memcache.so extension pdo_mysql.so extension imagick.so ;--cache ext end by qinbf 2013-11-15-- 4.10 配置eAccelerator插件 4.10.1配置eaccelerator缓存目录 [roottest3 lib]# mkdir -p /tmp/eaccelerator [roottest3 lib]# egrep User|Group /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. User daemon Group daemon [roottest3 lib]# chown daemon.daemon -R /tmp/eaccelerator 4.10.2 配置eaccelerator参数 注意[eaccelerator]要放在Zend配置内容之前 [rootoldboy lib]# cat /application/php/lib/php.iniEOF [eaccelerator] extensioneaccelerator.so eaccelerator.shm_size64 eaccelerator.cache_dir/tmp/eaccelerator eaccelerator.enable1 eaccelerator.optimizer1 eaccelerator.check_mtime1 eaccelerator.debug0 eaccelerator.filter eaccelerator.shm_max0 eaccelerator.shm_ttl3600 eaccelerator.shm_prune_period3600 eaccelerator.shm_only0 eaccelerator.compress1 eaccelerator.compress_level9 EOF [roottest3 lib]# tail -20 php.ini ;--cache ext start by qinbf 2013-11-15-- extension memcache.so extension pdo_mysql.so extension imagick.so ;--cache ext end by qinbf 2013-11-15-- [eaccelerator] extensioneaccelerator.so eaccelerator.shm_size64 eaccelerator.cache_dir/tmp/eaccelerator eaccelerator.enable1 eaccelerator.optimizer1 eaccelerator.check_mtime1 eaccelerator.debug0 eaccelerator.filter eaccelerator.shm_max0 eaccelerator.shm_ttl3600 eaccelerator.shm_prune_period3600 eaccelerator.shm_only0 eaccelerator.compress1 eaccelerator.compress_level9 [roottest3 lib]# /application/php/bin/php -v PHP 5.3.10 (cli) (built: Nov 12 2013 00:24:52) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with eAccelerator v0.9.6.1, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator [roottest3 lib]# ll /tmp/eaccelerator/ 总计 64 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 0 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 1 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 2 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 3 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 4 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 5 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 6 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 7 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 8 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 9 drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 a drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 b drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 c drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 d drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 e drwxrwxrwx 18 root root 4096 11-14 07:10 f 4.11 修改php.ini配置xcache 一般认为xcache和eaccelerator功能相近安装一个即可。如果想同时安装那么eaccelerator的配置内容必须在xcache之后。 ;xcache config by qinbf 20131115--------------------- [xcache-common] ;; install as zend extension (recommended), normally $extension_dir/xcache.so ;zend_extension /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/non-debug-non-zts-xxx/xcache.so ; zend_extension_ts /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/non-debug-zts-xxx/xcache.so ;; For windows users, replace xcache.so with php_xcache.dll ;zend_extension_ts c:/php/extensions/php_xcache.dll ;; or install as extension, make sure your extension_dir setting is correct extension xcache.so ;; or win32: ; extension php_xcache.dll ;xcache config by qinbf 20131115---------------------- [xcache.admin] [xcache.admin] xcache.admin.enable_auth On xcache.admin.user mOo ; xcache.admin.pass md5($your_password) xcache.admin.pass [xcache] [xcache] ; ini only settings, all the values here is default unless explained ; select low level shm/allocator scheme implemenation xcache.shm_scheme mmap ; to disable: xcache.size0 ; to enable : xcache.size64M etc (any size 0) and your system mmap allows xcache.size 128M ; set to cpu count (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor) xcache.count 2 ; just a hash hints, you can always store count(items) slots xcache.slots 8K ; ttl of the cache item, 0forever xcache.ttl 86400 ; interval of gc scanning expired items, 0no scan, other values is in seconds xcache.gc_interval 3600 ; same as aboves but for variable cache xcache.var_size 0 xcache.var_count 1 xcache.var_slots 8K ; default ttl xcache.var_ttl 0 xcache.var_maxttl 0 xcache.var_gc_interval 300 否则会报错 [rootoldboy lib]# /application/php/bin/php -v PHP Warning: Cannot load module XCache because conflicting module eAccelerator is already loaded in Unknown on line 0 PHP 5.3.10 (cli) (built: Apr 7 2012 22:42:50) Copyright (c) 1997-2012 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2012 Zend Technologies with eAccelerator v0.9.6, Copyright (c) 2004-2010 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator 正常情况下 五 Apache服务优化 5.1 配置Apache日志轮询 apache自带的日志轮询工具也是可以使用的但是老师测试会丢日志所以采用cronolog来配置日志轮询 tar zxf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz cd cronolog-1.6.2 ./configure make make install VirtualHost *:80 ServerAdmin qinbfetiantian.com DocumentRoot /var/html/www ServerName www.etiantian.com ServerAlias etiantian.com ErrorLog logs/www.etiantiancom-error_log # CustomLog logs/www.etiantiancom-access_log common CustomLog |/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /application/apache/logs/access_www_%w.log combined #注意这里要写全路径%w表示按周轮询 /VirtualHost 5.2 错误页面优雅显示 [roottest3 bin]# grep ErrorDocument 404 /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl #可以指定404错误提示的页面可以是URL也可以是脚本或者文件 5.3 mod_deflate文件压缩功能 5.3.1 mod_deflate模块介绍 mod_deflate模块提供了DEFLATE输出过滤器允许服务器在将输出内容发送到客户端之前进行压缩提升用户体验。 5.3.2 mod_deflate安装检查 1编译安装httpd情况时是否已经安装mod_deflate命令为 [roottest3 ~]# /application/apache/bin/apachectl -l |grep mod_deflate mod_deflate.c 2如果是以DSO方式编译的--enable-so开启DSO编译方式则查看方法为 [roottest3 ~]# ls /application/apache/modules/ |grep mod_deflate mod_deflate.so [roottest3 ~]# grep mod_deflate.so /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so [roottest3 ~]# /application/apache/bin/apachectl -M |grep deflate deflate_module(dynamic) #static是表示在编译的时候就已经安装了 Syntax OK 特别说明以上两种情况不能同时存在否则会有冲突 5.3.3 mod_deflate安装 cd /root/tools/httpd-2.2.25/modules/filters /application/apache/bin/apxs -c -a -i mod_deflate.c ll /application/apache/modules/mod_deflate.so #如果提示冲突要把/application/apache/conf/httpd.conf文件中LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so这句命令注释掉。 5.3.4 mod_deflate应用 ifmodule mod_deflate.c DeflateCompressionLevel 9 SetOutputFilter DEFLATE DeflateFilterNote Input instream DeflateFilterNote Output outstream DeflateFilterNote Ratio ratio #Logformat ‘ “%r” %{outstream}n/%{instream}n (%{ratio}n%%)’ deflate #CustomLog logs/deflate_log.log deflate /ifmodule #把以上这段代码嵌入到/application/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf的/var/html/www配置内容里面也可以配置到全局目录里面 VirtualHost *:80 ServerAdmin qinbfetiantian.com DocumentRoot /var/html/www ServerName www.etiantian.com ServerAlias etiantian.com ErrorLog logs/www.etiantiancom-error_log CustomLog logs/www.etiantiancom-access_log common ifmodule mod_deflate.c DeflateCompressionLevel 9 SetOutputFilter DEFLATE DeflateFilterNote Input instream DeflateFilterNote Output outstream DeflateFilterNote Ratio ratio #Logformat ‘ “%r” %{outstream}n/%{instream}n (%{ratio}n%%)’ deflate #CustomLog logs/deflate_log.log deflate /ifmodule /VirtualHost 测试把老师的test_deflate.tar.gz压缩包上传到/var/html/www下然后解压不需要做任何移动。打开Firefox开发专版访问192.168.1.4/test/deflate.html打开firebug在YSlow中可以看到测试结果。 5.4 mod_expires缓存功能 Expire其实就是通过header报文来指定特定类型的文件在浏览器中的缓存时间。大多数的图片flash在发布后都不是需要经常修改的做了缓存以后这样的浏览器以后就不需要再从服务器下载这些文件而是直接从缓存中读取这样再访问页面的速度会大大加快。 在刚才的mod_deflate模块配置内容下面加入以下配置 ExpiresActive on ExpiresDefault access plus 12 month ExpiresByType text/html access plus 12 months ExpiresByType text/css access plus 12 months ExpiresByType image/gif access plus 12 months ExpiresByType image/jpeg access plus12 12 months ExpiresByType image/jpg access plus 12 months ExpiresByType image/png access plus 12 months EXpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash access plus 12 months EXpiresByType application/x-javascript access plus 12 months ExpiresByType video/x-flv access plus 12 months [roottest3 www]# curl -I 192.168.1.4/01.jpg HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sun, 17 Nov 2013 03:51:45 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.25 (Unix) DAV/2 PHP/5.3.10 Last-Modified: Sun, 07 Nov 2010 12:20:20 GMT ETag: 40904-486f3-4947587f66900 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 296691 Cache-Control: max-age31104000 Expires: Wed, 12 Nov 2014 03:51:45 GMT Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Type: image/jpeg 5.5 更改Apache默认用户 创建一个用户例如Apache最好起一个不常用的名字用于子进程和子线程。 useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin apache vi /application/apache/conf/httpd.conf User apache Group apache 5.6 worker模式提升并发数 5.7 屏蔽apache版本等敏感信息 1 修改httpd.conf文件打开httpd-default.conf模块 2 修改httpd-default.conf文件ServerSignature Off以及ServerTokens Prod之后apachectl graceful使设置生效 5.8 apache目录文件权限设置root,目录755文件644 [roottest3 html]# ll 总计 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 09-03 18:51 bbs drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 11-12 01:53 blog drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 11-17 11:43 www 提示在网站架构中应把资源文件包括用户上传的图片福建等和程序分离最好把上传程序也分离这样就可以从容授权了。 5.9 开启httpd-mpm.conf增加连接数 5.10 apache防盗链功能 5.11 禁止目录Index Option FollowSymLinks 这一个参数去掉Index选项 5.12 禁止用户覆盖重载 AllowOverride None #禁止用户覆盖重载 #加快服务器速度因为它不再为每个请求寻找每个目录访问控制问价.htaccess 5.13 关闭CGI ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /application/apache2.2.25/cgi-bin/ Directory /application/apache2.2.25/cgi-bin AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all /Directory 删除以上内容 5.14 避免使用.htaccess文件分布式配置文件 首先从性能上就应该避免使用.htaccess文件 5.15 apache安装模块 mod_evasive20防DDOS、mod_limitipconn针对单站点配置、mod_security防SQL注入等 makejail http://www.floc.net/makejail 是一个自动把建立jail所需要的程序放到jail内的软件 mod_security http://www.modsecurity.org 是apache的一个模块他有请求过滤日志审计等功能可以防止SQL Injection跨站脚本攻击很不错的一个模块 16. 正确途径取得源代码勤打apache补丁 17. apache日志授予root700权限 chown -R root.root logs chmod -R 700 logs 18. 系统内核参数优化 19. 禁止PHP解析指定站点目录 20. 使用tmps文件系统替代频繁访问的目录 21尽可能减少HTTP请求数 22. 使用CDN做网站加速 23. apache程序架构优化 1 程序页面服务器 2图片附件服务器 3上传服务器 三者的功能尽量分离 a 分离最佳方式是分别使用独立的服务器需要程序支持 b 次选方案在前端负载均衡器通过haproxy/nginx根据目录或扩展名请求后面对应的服务器 六 apache服务Forbidden 403问题精彩讲解 403 Forbidden资源不可用。服务器理解客户的请求但拒绝处理它。通常由于服务器上文件或目录的权限设置导致。 原因1重要 apache配置文件中没有对站点目录的权限许可配置这通常是在初始安装apache后更改了默认的apache站点目录导致。如编译安装apache假定安装目录为/application/apache2.2.23/后将站点目录更改为其他的路径/var/html则会报403错误 原因2 站点目录下无首页文件而apache的配置又禁止了目录浏览就会提示403错误 原因3 Directory目录权限问题: Order中allow,deny的顺序以及限制 原因4 站点目录权限问题:站点目录需要apache的用户有访问的权限把/var/html的属主和属组设为root那么就要给755权限否则apache的用户无法读取文件 七 Nginx深入应用实践 7.1 关于Nginx模块 Nginx使用不同的模块实现不同的功能主要有2组重要的模块 (1) Nginx core modules必需的 包括Main、Events (2) Standard HTTP modules虽然不是必需的但是缺省都会安装不建议改动 典型的包括 Core、Access、FastCGI、Gzip、Log、Proxy、Rewrite、Upstream 7.2 Nginx目录结构 /application/nginx |-- client_body_temp |-- conf | |-- fastcgi.conf #fastcgi配置文件 | |-- fastcgi.conf.default #default文件均属于备份文件 | |-- fastcgi_params | |-- fastcgi_params.default | |-- koi-utf | |-- koi-win | |-- mime.types | |-- mime.types.default | |-- nginx.conf #Nginx主配置文件 | |-- nginx.conf.default | |-- nginx.conf.qinbf-20131101 | |-- scgi_params | |-- scgi_params.default | |-- uwsgi_params | |-- uwsgi_params.default | -- win-utf |-- fastcgi_temp |-- html | |-- 50x.html #错误优雅显示文件 | -- index.html |-- logs | |-- access.log #访问日志 | |-- error.log #错误日志 | -- nginx.pid |-- proxy_temp |-- sbin | -- nginx |-- scgi_temp -- uwsgi_temp 9 directories, 22 files 7.3 Nginx.conf配置文件 worker_processes 1; #ps -ef |grep nginx可以查看到nginx的子线程数 events { worker_connections 1024; #可以理解为最大并发数 } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { #一个server相当于apache的一个vhost可以复制多个server模块配置多个主机 listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { #相当于htdocs root html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #优雅显示页面 location /50x.html { root html; } } } 7.4 基于域名的虚拟主机配置 http { 10 include mime.types; 11 default_type application/octet-stream; 12 sendfile on; 13 keepalive_timeout 65; 14 15 server { 16 listen 80; 17 server_name www.etiantian.org; 18 19 location / { 20 root html; 21 index index.html index.htm; 22 } 23 24 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 25 location /50x.html { 26 root html; 27 28 } 29 30 } 31 32 } 然后检查语法优雅重启 [roottest2 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.2.9/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.2.9/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [roottest2 conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [roottest2 conf]# netstat -tupnl |grep 80 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21475/nginx 配置虚拟主机流程 1 复制server标签段到结尾注意放到http的结束大括号前 2 更改server_name及对应网页的根目录 3 创建对应网页的根目录并建立测试文件 4 检查语法重启服务 5 在host文件做解析 6 浏览器访问 7.5 禁止ip访问 为防止域名恶意解析到自己的服务器上必须要配置禁止ip访问 server { listen 80 default; return 500; } #这段配置是将访问没有配置为本服务器虚拟主机的域名默认返回500错误 #也可以利用rewrite规则把恶意解析到本服务器的域名访问流量导入到自己的站点 server { listen 80 default; rewrite ^(.*) http://www.etiantian.com permanent; } #域名解析到本地服务器但是并未为该域名配置本地服务器的虚拟主机将跳转到rewrite定义的站点上 #server_name _; 这个的含义代表输入ip地址直接访问的结果 #listen 80 default_server; default_server这个参数用于nginx 0.8版本之后 7.6 nginx日志配置及切割 目前还没有比较好的Nginx日志切割工具 日志的格式定义 log_format commonlog $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for; server { listen 80; server_name www.etiantian.com; location / { root /data0/www/www; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location /50x.html { root html; } access_log /app/logs/www_access.log commonlog; #日志格式的调用 } 192.168.1.1 - - [22/Nov/2013:00:27:32 0800] GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 404 570 - Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36 - 日志切割脚本 #!/bin/bash datedate %Y%m%d Nginx_Dir/application/nginx Nginx_Logs/app/logs Log_Namewww_access cd /tmp [ -d $Nginx_Logs ] cd $Nginx_Logs || exit 1 [ -f $Log_Name.log ] /bin/mv $Log_Name.log ${Log_Name}.${date}.log || exit 1 if [ $? -eq 0 -a -f $Nginx_Dir/logs/nginx.pid ] then kill -USR1 cat $Nginx_Dir/logs/nginx.pid #把nginx的日志重命名相当于删除文件需要重启nginx服务 fi 然后每天晚上12点切割 crontab -e 00 00 * * * /bin/sh /root/scripts/cut_nginx_log.sh /dev/null 21 统计IP并排序 awk {print $1} www_access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn -k 1 | head 7.7 Nginx配置文件优化 worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; log_format commonlog $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for; include extra/www.conf; include extra/bbs.conf; include extra/blog.conf; include extra/default.conf; } 模仿apache配置文件把虚拟主机的配置写在extra目录的配置文件内然后用include的方式调用。 7.8 Nginx别名及连接状态信息配置 #别名其实就是以相应的别名配置虚拟主机然后利用rewrite规则跳转到主域名上。 专门写一个配置文件内容如下 server { listen 80; server_name etiantian.com; rewrite ^(.*) http://www.etiantian.com permanent; } 然后在nginx文件将调用此文件include extra/www_alias.conf 即是配置一个虚拟主机文件内容如下 server { listen 80; server_name status.etiantian.com; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } 然后在nginx.conf文件中调用此配置文件 八 动态语言php应用fastCGI应用 8.1 FastCGI介绍 FastCGI是语言无关的可伸缩架构的CGI开放扩展其主要行为是将CGI解释器进程保持在内存中并因此获得较高的性能。它还支持分布式的运算, 即 FastCGI 程序可以在网站服务器以外的主机上执行并且接受来自其它网站服务器来的请求。即nginx和FastCGI是独立的而不像apache和php那样是密不可分的。 FastCGI用于结合nginx和PHP类似于apache和php结合的模块。 8.2 FastCGI原理 1、Web Server启动时载入FastCGI进程管理器IIS ISAPI或Apache Module) 2、FastCGI进程管理器自身初始化启动多个CGI解释器进程(可见多个php-cgi)并等待来自Web Server的连接。 3、当客户端请求到达Web Server时FastCGI进程管理器选择并连接到一个CGI解释器。Web server将CGI环境变量和标准输入发送到FastCGI子进程php-cgi。 4、FastCGI子进程完成处理后将标准输出和错误信息从同一连接返回Web Server。当FastCGI子进程关闭连接时请求便告处理完成。FastCGI子进程接着等待并处理来自FastCGI进程管理器(运行在Web Server中)的下一个连接。 在CGI模式中php-cgi在此便退出了。 在上述情况中你可以想象CGI通常有多慢。每一个Web请求PHP都必须重新解析php.ini、重新载入全部扩展并重初始化全部数据结构。使用FastCGI所有这些都只在进程启动时发生一次。一个额外的好处是持续数据库连接(Persistent database connection)可以工作。 8.3 检查以下软件包是否安装 [roottest3 ~]# rpm -qa zlib libxml libjpeg freetype libpng gd curl libiconv zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel curl-devel zlib-1.2.3-7.el5 freetype-2.2.1-31.el5_8.1 libpng-1.2.10-17.el5_8 libpng-1.2.10-17.el5_8 zlib-1.2.3-7.el5 libjpeg-6b-37 gd-2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2 curl-7.15.5-15.el5 zlib-devel-1.2.3-7.el5 libjpeg-6b-37 freetype-2.2.1-31.el5_8.1 如果没有安装可以使用yum的方式安装 [roottest3 ~]# yum install zlib libxml libjpeg freetype libpng gd curl libiconv zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel curl-devel openldap-devel libxslt-devel 附上CentOS下常见编译PHP的错误及解决办法 configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation. yum install libxml2-devel configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s yum install openssl-devel configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution - easy.h should be in /include/curl/ yum install curl-devel configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found yum install libjpeg-devel configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found. yum install libpng-devel configure: error: libXpm.(a|so) not found. yum install libXpm-devel configure: error: freetype.h not found. yum install freetype-devel configure: error: utf8_mime2text() has new signature, but U8T_CANONICAL is missing. This should not happen. Check config.log for additional information. yum install libc-client-devel configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt. yum install libmcrypt-devel configure: error: Please reinstall libmhash – I cannot find mhash.h yum install mhash-devel configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under /usr. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore! yum install mysql-devel configure: error: Please reinstall ming distribution. libming.(a|so) not found - temp remove the config for ‘–with-ming/opt/ming/’ configure: error: Cannot find pspell yum install pspell-devel configure: error: cannot find mm library Download from http://www.ossp.org/pkg/lib/mm/ wget ftp://ftp.ossp.org/pkg/lib/mm/mm-1.4.2.tar.gz Extract it: tar -zxvf mm-1.4.2.tar.gz ./configure make make install configure: error: Cannot find libtidy yum install libtidy-devel yum install libtidy change path at configure: ‘–with-tidy/usr’ configure: error: not found. Please reinstall the expat distribution. yum install expat-devel configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt 1.1.0 distribution yum install libxslt-devel *Tips: To uninstall, just enter: yum remove {package-name} 8.4 libiconv、libmcrypt、Mhash、mcrypt的安装 1. libiconv wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.14 ./configure --prefix/usr/local/libiconv make make install cd ../ 2. libmcrypt wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime1171868460big_mirror0 tar zxf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 ./configure make make install sleep 2 /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ 3. Mhash wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime1175740843big_mirror0 tar zxf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install sleep 2 cd ../ rm -f /usr/lib/libmcrypt.* rm -f /usr/lib/libmhash* ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config 4.mcrypt wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime1194463373big_mirror0 tar zxf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ sleep 2 8.5 php5.3.27的编译参数结合的是nginx ./configure \ --prefix/application/php5.3.27 \ --with-mysql/usr/local/mysql \ --with-iconv-dir/usr/local/libiconv \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-zlib \ --with-libxml-dir/usr \ --enable-xml \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-safe-mode \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-curl \ --with-curlwrappers \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-gd \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-openssl \ --with-mhash \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-sockets \ --with-ldap \ --with-ldap-sasl \ --with-xmlrpc \ --enable-zip \ --enable-soap \ --enable-short-tags \ --enable-zend-multibyte \ --enable-static \ --with-xsl \ --with-fpm-usernginx \ --with-fpm-groupnginx \ --enable-ftp #--enable-discard-path #--enable-fastcgi #--enable-force-cgi-redirect #--with-libevent-dir 这个参数在php5.3.10中是支持的 --enable-fpm这个参数时开启fastcgi的是nginx结合php用的参数在apache编译的参数中是没有的 要记得先安装8.2步骤中的那些软件包否则在安装过程中可能会遇到各种各样的问题 8.6 PHP的配置 1. php.ini的配置 [roottest2 php-5.3.27]# pwd /root/tools/php-5.3.27 [roottest2 php-5.3.27]# /bin/cp php.ini-production /application/php5.3.27/lib/php.ini 2. php-fpm [roottest2 etc]# pwd /application/php5.3.27/etc [roottest2 etc]# ls php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf.default [roottest2 tools]# cp php-fpm.conf.5.3.10 /application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf #用老师改好的文件复制为/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf [roottest2 tools]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm -t [29-Nov-2013 00:28:11] NOTICE: configuration file /application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful #检查语法 [roottest2 tools]# pkill php-fpm [roottest2 tools]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm #重启服务 [roottest2 tools]# ps -ef |grep php-fpm root 17875 1 1 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf) nginx 17876 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17877 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17878 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17879 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17880 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17881 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17882 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17883 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17884 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17885 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17886 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17887 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17888 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17889 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17890 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nginx 17891 17875 0 00:29 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www root 17893 2685 0 00:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm [roottest2 tools]# netstat -tupnl |grep 9000 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17875/php-fpm [roottest2 tools]# [roottest2 tools]# lsof -i :9000 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME php-fpm 17875 root 7u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17876 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17877 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17878 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17879 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17880 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17881 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17882 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17883 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17884 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17885 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17886 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17887 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17888 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17889 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17890 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) php-fpm 17891 nginx 0u IPv4 177862 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:cslistener (LISTEN) #检查服务的运行情况 8.7 整合PHP和Nginx server { listen 80; server_name blog.etiantian.org; root /data0/www/blog; index index.php index.html index.htm; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ #以php或者php5结尾的文件 { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #交给本机的9000端口处理 fastcgi_index index.php; #首页文件 include fastcgi.conf; } } 8.8 安装wordpress博客 1.建立博客数据库默认是拉丁字符集 1创建数据库 create database wordpress; 也可按下面方式创建库 建立一个名为wordpress的GBK数据库 create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; 2授权用户 grant select,insert,delete,update,create on wordpress.* to wordpresslocalhost identified by 19880328; flush privileges; 如果是使用浏览器安装那么blog目录需要对nginx用户授权即把把属主和组改为nginxchown nginx.nginx blog -R 编辑wp-config.php配置文件只需要编辑该文件的数据库名、数据库用户名、密码即可。 特别注意的是在编辑wp-config.php文件的时候应该是数据root用户编辑的要改为nginx.nginx。在浏览器端配置完标题用户之后blog整个目录下的文件都可以改root权限但是wp-config.php文件必须是nginx.nginx权限。 在浏览器端输入blog.etiantian.com创建用户把blog目录下的文件改为root.root(wp-config.php除外)在数据库中把创建数据库的权限回收mysql use wordpress; Database changed mysql revoke create on wordpress.* from wordpresslocalhost; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 作业对wordpress的博客使用伪静态 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/fengze/p/6751802.html
