苏州网站搜索排名,如何创建目录wordpress,南京做企业网站的公司,站长平台网站DockerFile
是什么
Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的文本文件#xff0c;是由一条条构建镜像所需的指令和参数构成的脚本。 构建步骤
编写Dockerfile文件docker build命令构建镜像docker run运行镜像
Dockerfile构建过程
基础知识
每个保留字指令都必须为大写字母且后面…DockerFile
是什么
Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的文本文件是由一条条构建镜像所需的指令和参数构成的脚本。 构建步骤
编写Dockerfile文件docker build命令构建镜像docker run运行镜像
Dockerfile构建过程
基础知识
每个保留字指令都必须为大写字母且后面要跟随至少一个参数指令从上到下顺序执行#号表示注释每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层并对镜像进行提交
Docker执行Dockerfile的大致流程
docker从基础镜像运行一个容器执行一条指令并对容器做出修改执行类似docker commit的操作提交一个新的镜像层docker再基于刚提交的镜像运行一个新容器执行Dockerfile中下一条指令直到所有指令都执行完成
总结
从应用软件的角度来看Dockerfile、Docker镜像与Docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段
Dockerfile是软件的原材料Docker镜像是软件的交付品Docker容器则可以认为是软件镜像的运行态也即依照镜像运行的容器实例
Dockerfile面向开发Docker镜像成为交付标准Docker容器则涉及部署与运维三者缺一不可合力充当Docker体系的基石。 Dockerfile需要定义一个DockerfileDockerfile定义了进程需要的一切东西。Dockerfile涉及的内容包括执行代码或者是文件、环境变量、依赖包、运行时环境、动态链接库、操作系统的发行版、服务进程和内核进程(当应用进程需要和系统服务和内核进程打交道这时需要考虑如何设计namespace的权限控制)等等; Docker镜像在用Dockerfile定义一个文件之后docker build时会产生一个Docker镜像当运行 Docker镜像时会真正开始提供服务; Docker容器容器是直接提供服务的。
常用保留字指令
关键字作用备注FROM指定基础镜像指定一个已经存在的镜像作为父镜像第一条指令必须是FROMWAINTAINER指定作者信息一般是姓名邮箱namemail)LABEL标明dockerfile的标签可以使用Label代替Maintainer最终都是在docker image基本信息中可以查看RUN构建镜像时运行的命令容器构建时需要运行的命令有两种格式shell格式、exec格式RUN是在docker build时运行shell格式exec格式EXPOSE暴露端口定义容器运行的时候监听的端口启动容器的使用-p来绑定暴露端口格式: EXPOSE 8080 或者 EXPOSE 8080/udpWORKDIR指定工作目录指定在创建容器后终端默认登陆的进来工作目录一个落脚点USER指定执行用户指定build或者启动的时候 用户 在RUN CMD ENTRYPONT执行的时候的用户ENV设置环境变量指定build时候的环境变量 可以在启动的容器的时候 通过-e覆盖 格式ENV namevalueADD添加文件将宿主机目录下的文件拷贝进镜像且会自动处理URL和解压tar压缩包COPY复制文件类似ADD拷贝文件和目录到镜像中。将从构建上下文目录中 源路径 的文件/目录复制到新的一层的镜像内的 目标路径 位置VOLUME定义外部可以挂载的数据卷用于数据保存和持久化指定build的image哪些目录可以启动的时候挂载到文件系统中 启动容器的时候使用 -v 绑定 格式 VOLUME [“目录”]CMD指定容器启动后的要干的事情Dockerfile 中可以有多个 CMD 指令但只有最后一个生效CMD 会被 docker run 之后的参数替换ENTRYPOINT也是用来指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令类似于 CMD 指令但是ENTRYPOINT不会被docker run后面的命令覆盖而且这些命令行参数会被当作参数送给 ENTRYPOINT 指令指定的程序 RUN和CMD的区别 CMD是在docker run时运行RUN是在docker build时运行 ENTRYPOINT 命令格式ENTRYPOINT [executeable, param1, param2,...] ENTRYPOINT可以和CMD一起用一般是变参才会使用 CMD 这里的 CMD 等于是在给 ENTRYPOINT 传参。当指定了ENTRYPOINT后CMD的含义就发生了变化不再是直接运行其命令而是将CMD的内容作为参数传递给ENTRYPOINT指令他两个组合会变成ENTRYPOINTCMD 案例 假设已通过 Dockerfile 构建了 nginx:test 镜像 FROM nginxENTRYPOINT [nginx, -c] # 定参
CMD [/etc/nginx/nginx.conf] # 变参是否传参Docker命令衍生出的实际命令按照dockerfile编写执行docker run nginx:testnginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf传参运行docker run nginx:test -c /etc/nginx/new.confnginx -c /etc/nginx/new.conf
总结 自定义centos镜像 编写dockerfile文件 FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jiang2790810983qq.comENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH#安装vim编辑器
RUN yum -y install vim
#安装ifconfig命令查看网络IP
RUN yum -y install net-toolsEXPOSE 80CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo ------ok--------CMD /bin/bash[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# pwd
/dockerfile
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-centos
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jiang2790810983qq.comENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH#安装vim编辑器
RUN yum -y install vim
#安装ifconfig命令查看网络IP
RUN yum -y install net-toolsEXPOSE 80CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo ------ok--------CMD /bin/bash构建docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:1.0 .注意. 前面有空格官方命名Dockerfile使用其编写文件build时不需要-f指定文件 [rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:1.0 .
[] Building 76.7s (8/8) FINISHED docker:default [internal] load build definition from mydockerfile-centos 0.0s transferring dockerfile: 318B 0.0s [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s transferring context: 2B 0.0s [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 16.9s [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 11.8s resolve docker.io/library/centos:7sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 0.0s sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 1.20kB / 1.20kB 0.0s sha256:dead07b4d8ed7e29e98de0f4504d87e8880d4347859d839686a31da35a3b532f 529B / 529B 0.0s sha256:eeb6ee3f44bd0b5103bb561b4c16bcb82328cfe5809ab675bb17ab3a16c517c9 2.75kB / 2.75kB 0.0s sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc 76.10MB / 76.10MB 6.6s extracting sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc 4.8s [2/4] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.1s [3/4] RUN yum -y install vim 40.6s [4/4] RUN yum -y install net-tools 4.3s exporting to image 2.8s exporting layers 2.7s writing image sha256:b7a758d3704aa39b122ac1684fd8555406a5ea213ae5907308b96a9be53cd38d 0.0s naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:1.0 0.0s
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 27 seconds ago 666MB运行可以看到在基础的镜像上增加了vim和查看ip的功能 [rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker run -it b7a758d3704a /bin/bash
[root4f4c909635fe local]# vim a.txt
[root4f4c909635fe local]# cat a.txt
aaa
[root4f4c909635fe local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags4163UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.5 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255ether 02:42:ac:11:00:05 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 8 bytes 656 (656.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags73UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0查看镜像生成过程docker history 镜像ID [rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker history b7a758d3704a
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
b7a758d3704a 28 minutes ago CMD [/bin/sh -c /bin/bash] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 28 minutes ago CMD [/bin/sh -c echo \------ok--------… 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 28 minutes ago CMD [/bin/sh -c echo $MYPATH] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 28 minutes ago EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 28 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools # bu… 189MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 28 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim # buildkit 274MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 29 minutes ago WORKDIR /usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 29 minutes ago ENV MYPATH/usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 29 minutes ago MAINTAINER jiang2790810983qq.com 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
missing 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [/bin/bash] 0B
missing 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
missing 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4… 204MB
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# 自定义tomcat镜像 编写Dockerfile文件 FROM centos:7MAINTAINER jiang2790810983qq.comADD jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz /usr/localRUN yum -y install vimENV MYPATH /usr/localWORKDIR $MYPATHENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_381
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/binEXPOSE 8080CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/startup.sh tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/logs/catalina.out构建镜像docker build -t tomcat-jiang:1.0 . [rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -t tomcat-jiang:1.0 .
[] Building 0.2s (10/10) FINISHED docker:default [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s transferring dockerfile: 639B 0.0s [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s transferring context: 2B 0.0s [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s [internal] load build context 0.0s transferring context: 99B 0.0s CACHED [2/5] ADD jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local 0.0s CACHED [3/5] ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz /usr/local 0.0s CACHED [4/5] RUN yum -y install vim 0.0s CACHED [5/5] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.0s exporting to image 0.0s exporting layers 0.0s writing image sha256:a955df44eb4b65dee47a3dabdec2df4dd3af83e467d9bc6734ea9da5ebbfaf06 0.0s naming to docker.io/library/tomcat-jiang:1.0
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat-jiang 1.0 a955df44eb4b 2 hours ago 837MB
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 5 hours ago 666MB运行即可访问到主页docker run -id --nametomcat-jiang -p 8080:8080 -v /home/tomcat-jiang/webapps/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/webapps/test -v /home/tomcat-jiang/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/logs tomcat-jiang:1.0
虚悬镜像 仓库名、标签信息都是none的镜像俗称dangling image docker image ls -f danglingtrue 查看虚悬镜像docker image prune 删除
自定义一个虚悬镜像
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# vim danglingdockerfile
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# cat danglingdockerfile
FROM ubuntuCMD echo--------ok--------[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -f danglingdockerfile .
[] Building 17.0s (5/5) FINISHED docker:default [internal] load build definition from danglingdockerfile 0.0s transferring dockerfile: 88B 0.0s [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s transferring context: 2B 0.0s [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest 16.8s [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/ubuntusha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 0.1s resolve docker.io/library/ubuntusha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 0.0s sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 1.42kB / 1.42kB 0.0s sha256:7cc0576c7c0ec2384de5cbf245f41567e922aab1b075f3e8ad565f508032df17 529B / 529B 0.0s sha256:ba6acccedd2923aee4c2acc6a23780b14ed4b8a5fa4e14e252a23b846df9b6c1 1.46kB / 1.46kB 0.0s exporting to image 0.0s exporting layers 0.0s writing image sha256:bceab7bc196f17008c0ef5c5333dc29217c84ab0e4669b0a66021e1481eb5a86 0.0s
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mytomcat 1.0 85a142640f0d 33 minutes ago 837MB
mingdajiang/mytomcat 1.0 85a142640f0d 33 minutes ago 837MB
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 3 hours ago 666MB
none none bceab7bc196f 22 months ago 72.8MB
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image ls -f danglingtrue
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
none none bceab7bc196f 22 months ago 72.8MB
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
deleted: sha256:bceab7bc196f17008c0ef5c5333dc29217c84ab0e4669b0a66021e1481eb5a86Total reclaimed space: 0B
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image ls -f danglingtrue
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[rootVM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# Docker微服务实战 新建微服务模块 生成jar包 编写Dockerfile vim Dockerfile # 基础镜像
FROM openjdk:8u102
# 作者
MAINTAINER jiang2790810983qq.com
# 将jar包放到容器中
COPY finance.jar finance.jar
# 运行jar包
ENTRYPOINT [java, -jar, finance.jar]
# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080将微服务jar包上传到和Dockerfile同一目录 [rootVM-4-9-centos finance]# ls
Dockerfile finance.jar
[rootVM-4-9-centos finance]# 构建镜像 docker build -t finance:1.0 . 运行容器 docker run -id -p 9000:8080 --name financeapp -v /home/finance/log:/var/applogs finance:1.0 访问测试
